Section: Application Domains
Hydrological disasters
It is a violent, sudden and destructive flow.
Between 1996 and 2005, nearly 80
Tsunamis are another hydrological disaster largely studied. Even if the propagation of the wave is globally well described by the shallow water model in oceans, it is not the case close to the epicenter and in the coastal zone where the bathymetry leads a vertical accretion and produce substantial dispersive effects. The non-hydrostatic terms have to be considered and an efficient numerical resolution should be induced.
Whereas the viscous effects can often be neglected in water flows, they have to be taken into account in situations such as avalanches, debris flows, pyroclastic flows, erosion processes,...i.e. when the fluid rheology becomes more complex. Gravity driven granular flows consist of solid particles commonly mixed with an interstitial lighter fluid (liquid or gas) that may interact with the grains and decrease the intensity of their contacts, thus reducing energy dissipation and favoring propagation. Examples include subaerial or subaqueous rock avalanches (e.g. landslides).