Section: Research Program
Computational fluid mechanics: resolving versus modelling small scales of turbulence
A typical continuous solution of the Navier Stokes equations is governed
by a spectrum of time and space scales.
The broadness of that spectrum is directly controlled by the
Reynolds number defined as the ratio
between the inertial forces and the viscous forces. This number
is quite helpful to determine if the flow is turbulent or not.
In the former case, it indicates the range of scales of fluctuations
that are present in the flow under study. Typically, for instance for the
velocity field, the ratio between the largest scale
(the integral length scale) to the smallest one
(Kolmogorov scale) scales as
From a computational point of view, the RANS approach is the less demanding, which explains why historically it has been the workhorse in both the academic and the industrial sectors. Although it has permitted quite a substantive progress in the understanding of various phenomena such as turbulent combustion or heat transfer, its inability to provide a time-dependent information has led to promote in the last decade the recourse to either LES or DNS as well as hybrid methods that combine RANS and LES. By simulating the large scale structures while modelling the smallest ones supposed to be more isotropic, the LES, alone or combined with the most adanced RANS models such as the EB-RSM model [4] proved to be quite a step through that permits to fully take advantage of the increasing power of computers to study complex flow configurations. In the same time, DNS was progressively applied to geometries of increasing complexity (channel flows, jets, turbulent premixed flames), and proved to be a formidable tool that permits (i) to improve our knowledge of turbulent flows and (ii) to test (i.e. validate or invalidate) and improve the numerous modelling hypotheses inherently associated to the RANS and LES approaches. From a numerical point of view, if the steady nature of the RANS equations allows to perform iterative convergence on finer and finer meshes, this is no longer possible for LES or DNS which are time-dependent. It is therefore necessary to develop high accuracy schemes in such frameworks. Considering that the Reynolds number in an engine combustion chamber is significantly larger than 10000, a direct numerical simulation of the whole flow domain is not conceivable on a routine basis but the simulation of generic flows which feature some of the phenomena present in a combustion chamber is accessible considering the recent progresses in High Performance Computing (HPC).