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Section: New Results

MapReduce Computations on Hybrid Distributed Computations Infrastructures

Participants : Gilles Fedak, Julio Anjos, Anthony Simonet.

In this section we report on our efforts to provide MapReduce Computing environments on Hybrid infrastructures, i.e composed of Desktop Grids and Cloud computing environments.

Cloud computing has increasingly been used as a platform for running large business and data processing applications. Although clouds have become extremely popular, when it comes to data processing, their use incurs high costs. Conversely, Desktop Grids, have been used in a wide range of projects, and are able to take advantage of the large number of resources provided by volunteers, free of charge. Merging cloud computing and desktop grids into a hybrid infrastructure can provide a feasible low-cost solution for big data analysis. Although frameworks like MapReduce have been devised to exploit commodity hardware, their use in a hybrid infrastructure raise some challenges due to their large resource heterogeneity and high churn rate.

BIGhybrid - A Toolkit for Simulating MapReduce in Hybrid Infrastructures

In [20] , we introduced BIGhybrid, a toolkit that is used to simulate MapReduce in hybrid environments. Its main goal is to provide a framework for developers and system designers that can enable them to address the issues of Hybrid MapReduce. In this paper, we described the framework which simulates the assembly of two existing middleware: BitDew- MapReduce for Desktop Grids and Hadoop-BlobSeer for Cloud Computing. The experimental results that are included in this work demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.

HybridMR: a New Approach for Hybrid MapReduce Combining Desktop Grid and Cloud Infrastructures

In [18] , we proposed a novel MapReduce computation model in hybrid computing environment called HybridMR. Using this model, high performance cluster nodes and heterogeneous desktop PCs in Internet or Intranet can be integrated to form a hybrid computing environment. In this way, the computation and storage capability of large-scale desktop PCs can be fully utilized to process large-scale datasets. HybridMR relies on a hybrid distributed file system called HybridDFS, and a time-out method has been used in HybridDFS to prevent volatility of desktop PCs, and file replication mechanism is used to realize reliable storage. A new node priority-based fair scheduling (NPBFS) algorithm has been developed in HybridMR to achieve both data storage balance and job assignment balance by assigning each node a priority through quantifying CPU speed, memory size and I/O bandwidth. Performance evaluation results showed that the proposed hybrid computation model not only achieves reliable MapReduce computation, reduces task response time and improves the performance of MapReduce, but also reduces the computation cost and achieves a greener computing mode.

D${}^3$ -MapReduce: Towards MapReduce for Distributed and Dynamic Data Sets

So far MapReduce has been mostly designed for batch processing of bulk data. The ambition of D${}^3$-MapReduce, presented in [32] , is to extend the MapReduce programming model and propose efficient implementation of this model to: i) cope with distributed data sets, i.e. that span over multiple distributed infrastructures or stored on network of loosely connected devices; ii) cope with dynamic data sets, i.e. which dynamically change over time or can be either incomplete or partially available. In this paper, we draw the path towards this ambitious goal. Our approach leverages Data Life Cycle as a key concept to provide MapReduce for distributed and dynamic data sets on heterogeneous and distributed infrastructures. We first reported on our attempts at implementing the MapReduce programming model for Hybrid Distributed Computing Infrastructures (Hybrid DCIs). We present the architecture of the prototype based on BitDew, a middleware for large scale data management, and Active Data, a programming model for data life cycle management. Second, we outlined the challenges in term of methodology and present our approaches based on simulation and emulation on the Grid'5000 experimental testbed. We conducted performance evaluations and compare our prototype with Hadoop, the industry reference MapReduce implementation. We presented our work in progress on dynamic data sets that has lead us to implement an incremental MapReduce framework. Finally, we discussed our achievements and outline the challenges that remain to be addressed before obtaining a complete D 3-MapReduce environment.

Availability and Network-Aware MapReduce Task Scheduling over the Internet.

MapReduce offers an ease-of-use programming paradigm for processing large datasets. In our previous work, we have designed a MapReduce framework called BitDew-MapReduce for desktop grid and volunteer computing environment, that allows nonexpert users to run data-intensive MapReduce jobs on top of volunteer resources over the Internet. However, network distance and resource availability have great impact on MapReduce applications running over the Internet. To address this, an availability and network-aware MapReduce framework over the Internet is proposed in [38] . Simulation results show that the MapReduce job response time could be decreased by 27.15%, thanks to Naive Bayes Classifier-based availability prediction and landmark-based network estimation.