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Section: Research Program
Software tools of the team
In addition to the above-mentioned research activities, Apics develops and maintains a number of long-term software tools that either implement and illustrate effectiveness of the algorithms theoretically developed by the team or serve as tools to help further research by team members. We present briefly the most important of them.
DEDALE-HF
Scientific Description
Dedale-HF consists in two parts: a database of coupling topologies as well as a dedicated predictor-corrector code. Roughly speaking each reference file of the database contains, for a given coupling topology, the complete solution to the coupling matrix synthesis problem (C.M. problem for short) associated to particular filtering characteristics. The latter is then used as a starting point for a predictor-corrector integration method that computes the solution to the C.M. corresponding to the user-specified filter characteristics. The reference files are computed off-line using Gröbner basis techniques or numerical techniques based on the exploration of a monodromy group. The use of such continuation techniques, combined with an efficient implementation of the integrator, drastically reduces the computational time.
Dedale-HF has been licensed to, and is currently used by TAS-Espana
Functional Description
Dedale-HF is a software dedicated to solve exhaustively the coupling matrix synthesis problem in reasonable time for the filtering community. Given a coupling topology, the coupling matrix synthesis problem consists in finding all possible electromagnetic coupling values between resonators that yield a realization of given filter characteristics. Solving the latter is crucial during the design step of a filter in order to derive its physical dimensions, as well as during the tuning process where coupling values need to be extracted from frequency measurements.
FindSources3D
Keywords: Health - Neuroimaging - Visualization - Compilers - Medical - Image - Processing
FindSources3D is a software program dedicated to the resolution of inverse source problems in electroencephalography (EEG). From pointwise measurements of the electrical potential taken by electrodes on the scalp, FindSources3D estimates pointwise dipolar current sources within the brain in a spherical model.
After a first data transmission “cortical mapping” step, it makes use of best rational approximation on 2-D planar cross-sections and of the software RARL2 in order to locate singularities. From those planar singularities, the 3-D sources are estimated in a last step, see [7].
The present version of FindSources3D (called FindSources3D-bolis) provides a modular, ergonomic, accessible and interactive platform, with a convenient graphical interface and a tool that can be distributed and used, for EEG medical imaging. Modularity is now granted (using the tools dtk, Qt, with compiled Matlab libraries). It offers a detailed and nice visualization of data and tuning parameters, processing steps, and of the computed results (using VTK).
A new version is being developed that will incorporate a first Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) step in order to be able to handle time dependent data and to find the corresponding principal static components.
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Participants: Juliette Leblond, Maureen Clerc (team Athena, Inria Sophia), Jean-Paul Marmorat, Théodore Papadopoulo (team Athena).
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URL: http://www-sop.inria.fr/apics/FindSources3D/en/index.html
PRESTO-HF
Scientific Description
For the matrix-valued rational approximation step, Presto-HF relies on RARL2. Constrained realizations are computed using the Dedale-HF software. As a toolbox, Presto-HF has a modular structure, which allows one for example to include some building blocks in an already existing software.
The delay compensation algorithm is based on the following assumption: far off the pass-band, one can reasonably expect a good approximation of the rational components of S11 and S22 by the first few terms of their Taylor expansion at infinity, a small degree polynomial in 1/s. Using this idea, a sequence of quadratic convex optimization problems are solved, in order to obtain appropriate compensations. In order to check the previous assumption, one has to measure the filter on a larger band, typically three times the pass band.
This toolbox has been licensed to, and is currently used by Thales Alenia Space in Toulouse and Madrid, Thales airborne systems and Flextronics (two licenses). XLIM (University of Limoges) is a heavy user of Presto-HF among the academic filtering community and some free license agreements have been granted to the microwave department of the University of Erlangen (Germany) and the Royal Military College (Kingston, Canada).
Functional Description
Presto-HF is a toolbox dedicated to low-pass parameter identification for microwave filters. In order to allow the industrial transfer of our methods, a Matlab-based toolbox has been developed, dedicated to the problem of identification of low-pass microwave filter parameters. It allows one to run the following algorithmic steps, either individually or in a single stroke:
• Determination of delay components caused by the access devices (automatic reference plane adjustment),
• Automatic determination of an analytic completion, bounded in modulus for each channel,
• Rational approximation of fixed McMillan degree,
• Determination of a constrained realization.
RARL2
Réalisation interne et Approximation Rationnelle L2
Scientific Description
The method is a steepest-descent algorithm. A parametrization of MIMO systems is used, which ensures that the stability constraint on the approximant is met. The implementation, in Matlab, is based on state-space representations.
RARL2 performs the rational approximation step in the software tools PRESTO-HF and FindSources3D. It is distributed under a particular license, allowing unlimited usage for academic research purposes. It was released to the universities of Delft and Maastricht (the Netherlands), Cork (Ireland), Brussels (Belgium), Macao (China) and BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus (India).
Functional Description
RARL2 is a software for rational approximation. It computes a stable rational L2-approximation of specified order to a given L2-stable (L2 on the unit circle, analytic in the complement of the unit disk) matrix-valued function. This can be the transfer function of a multivariable discrete-time stable system. RARL2 takes as input either:
• its internal realization,
• its first N Fourier coefficients,
• discretized (uniformly distributed) values on the circle. In this case, a least-square criterion is used instead of the L2 norm.
It thus performs model reduction in the first or the second case, and leans on frequency data identification in the third. For band-limited frequency data, it could be necessary to infer the behavior of the system outside the bandwidth before performing rational approximation.
An appropriate Möbius transformation allows to use the software for continuous-time systems as well.
Sollya
Keywords: Numerical algorithm - Supremum norm - Curve plotting - Remez algorithm - Code generator - Proof synthesis
Functional Description
Sollya is an interactive tool where the developers of mathematical floating-point libraries (libm) can experiment before actually developing code. The environment is safe with respect to floating-point errors, i.e. the user precisely knows when rounding errors or approximation errors happen, and rigorous bounds are always provided for these errors.
Among other features, it offers a fast Remez algorithm for computing polynomial approximations of real functions and also an algorithm for finding good polynomial approximants with floating-point coefficients to any real function. As well, it provides algorithms for the certification of numerical codes, such as Taylor Models, interval arithmetic or certified supremum norms.
It is available as a free software under the CeCILL-C license.