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Section: New Results

Direct and inverse methods for imaging and identification

Imaging and identification, when involved in a real-life context, are often based on wave propagation. This is due to the fact that a substantial part of the information contained in waves can propagate across long distances without significant attenuation. This activity is partly developed in the framework of a long-term partnership with a group of CEA-List in charge of the Non Destructive Testing (NDT) of industrial structures. The aim of NDT is to detect defects inside a structure by imposing some incident waves and measuring the scattered waves caused by the presence of such defects.

The complex-scaled Halfspace Matching Method

Participants : Anne-Sophie Bonnet-Ben Dhia, Christophe Hazard, Sonia Fliss, Yohanes Tjandrawidjaja.

We are currently developing a method that we call the Half-Space Matching (HSM) method, to solve scattering problems in unbounded domains, when classical approaches are either not applicable or too expensive. This method is based on an explicit expression of the "outgoing" solution of the problem in half-spaces, by using Fourier, generalized Fourier or Floquet transforms when the background is respectively homogeneous (possibly anisotropic), stratified or periodic. The domain exterior to a bounded region enclosing the scatterers is recovered by a finite number of halfspaces (at least 3). The unknowns of the formulations are the restriction of the solution to the bounded region and the traces of the solution on the boundary of the halfspaces. The system of equations is derived by writing compatibility conditions between the different representations of the solution. Although the HSM method works in the non-dissipative case, the theoretical and the numerical analysis of the method has been done only in the dissipative case. In the present work, we propose, for the simple case of a homogeneous background, a new formulation of the method which is well-suited for the theoretical and numerical analysis of the non dissipative case. In the spirit of PMLs, the idea is to replace the system of equations on the traces by similar equations on exponentially decaying analytical extensions of the traces.

Implicit-explicit scheme for elastodynamic equations in plates

Participants : Sonia Fliss, Hajer Methenni.

Our objective is to provide an efficient simulation tool for the propagation of elastic waves in thin plates in the context of Guided Waves based Structural Health Monitoring. A naive discretization procedure based on a Leap-frog explicit scheme can be really costly because of the small thickness of the plate. By treating implicitly the operators corresponding to derivatives through the thickness, we show by a stability analysis that the time step is less restricted by the space discretization along the thickness. The price to pay is to solve at each iteration small independent linear systems, but this strategy offers an accurate and efficient discretization of the elastic fields in all dimensions. This method can be used to compute reference solutions and verify the validity of asymptotic models such as Reissner–Mindlin model and some extensions (since there exists no rigorous justifications for elastodynamic problems). Finally under some conditions on the mesh, our approach can be extended to plates with a smoothly varying thickness.

This work is done in collaboration with Sebastien Imperiale (Inria EPI M3DISIM) and Alexandre Imperiale (CEA-LIST).

Forward and inverse scattering in Kirchhoff plates

Participants : Laurent Bourgeois, Christophe Hazard.

A new activity has just started concerning forward and inverse scattering in thin plates governed by the simple Kirchhoff-Love model. The analysis is restricted to the purely bending case and the time-harmonic regime.

We have first considered a 2D strip, that is a waveguide which is unbounded in one direction and bounded in the other (transverse) direction. Two types of conditions on the boundary of the strip are addressed : either the strip is simply supported or the strip is clamped. The two boundary conditions are treated with two different methods. For the simply supported problem, the analysis is based on a result of Hilbert basis in the transverse section. For the clamped problem, this property does not hold. Instead we adopt the Kondratiev's approach, based on the use of the Fourier transform in the unbounded direction, together with techniques of weighted Sobolev spaces with detached asymptotics. After introducing radiation conditions, the corresponding scattering problems in the presence of a free obstacle are shown to be well-posed in the Fredholm sense. We also show that the solutions are the physical (outgoing) solutions in the sense of the limiting absorption principle. This is a joint work Lucas Chesnel, from Inria/DEFI.

We have then addressed the same kind of forward scattering problems for various impenetrable obstacles in an infinite plate. Considering four types of boundary conditions on the obstacle, well-posedness for those problems is proved with the help of a variational approach: (i) for any wave number k when the plate is clamped, simply supported or roller supported; (ii) for any k except a discrete set when the plate is free (this set is finite for convex obstacles). It is then natural to tackle the inverse problem of identifying impenetrable obstacles in a Kirchhoff-Love infinite plate from multistatic near-field data. The Linear Sampling Method is introduced in this context. We firstly prove a uniqueness result for such an inverse problem. We secondly provide the classical theoretical foundation of the Linear Sampling Method. We lastly show the feasibility of the method with the help of numerical experiments. The inverse problem is a joint work with Arnaud Recoquillay, from CEA/LIST.

About regularity and error estimates for the quasi-reversibility method

Participant : Laurent Bourgeois.

This work is done on collaboration with Lucas Chesnel (EPC DEFI). We are interested in the classical ill-posed Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation. One method to approximate the solution associated with compatible data consists in considering a family of regularized well-posed problems depending on a small parameter ε>0. In this context, in order to prove convergence of finite elements methods, it is necessary to get regularity results of the solutions to these regularized problems which hold uniformly in ε. In the present work, we obtain these results in smooth domains and in 2D polygonal geometries. In the presence of corners, due to the particular structure of the regularized problems, classical techniques à la Grisvard do not work and instead, we apply the Kondratiev approach. We describe the procedure in detail to keep track of the dependence in ε in all the estimates. The main originality of this study lies in the fact that the limit problem is ill-posed in any framework.

Analysis of topological derivative as a means for qualitative identification

Participant : Marc Bonnet.

This work is done on collaboration with Fioralba Cakoni, Rutgers University, USA. The concept of topological derivative (TD) has proved effective as a qualitative inversion tool for a wave-based identification of finite-sized objects. Although for the most part, this approach remains based on a heuristic interpretation of the TD, a first attempt toward its mathematical justification was done in Bellis et al. (Inverse Problems 29:075012, 2013) for the case of isotropic media with far field data and inhomogeneous refraction index. This work extends the analysis there to the case of anisotropic scatterers and background with near field data. TD-based imaging functional is analyzed using a suitable factorization of the near fields. Our results include justification of sign heuristics for the TD in the isotropic case with jump in the main operator and for some cases of anisotropic media, as well as verifying its decaying property in the isotropic case with near field spherical measurements configuration situated far enough from the probing region.

Asymptotic model for elastodynamic scattering by a small surface-breaking defect

Participant : Marc Bonnet.

This work is done in collaboration with Marc Deschamps and Eric Ducasse, I2M, Bordeaux.

We establish a leading-order asymptotic model for the scattering of elastodynamic fields by small surface-breaking defects in elastic solids. The asymptotic form of the representation formula of the scattered field is written in terms of the elastodynamic Green's tensor, which is in fact available in semi-analytical form for some geometrical configurations that are of practical interest in ultrasonic NDT configurations. Preliminary numerical examples have been performed on cylindrical elastic pipes with small indentations on the outer surface.

Shape optimization of stokesian peristaltic pumps using boundary integral methods

Participant : Marc Bonnet.

This work is done in collaboration with with Ruowen Liu and Shravan Veerapaneni, University of Michigan, USA.

This work develops a new boundary integral approach for finding optimal shapes of peristaltic pumps that transport a viscous fluid. Formulas for computing the shape derivatives of the standard cost functionals and constraints, expressed in boundary-only form, are derived. They involve evaluating physical variables (traction, pressure, etc.) on the boundary only. By employing these formulas in conjunction with a boundary integral approach for solving forward and adjoint problems, we completely avoid the issue of volume remeshing when updating the pump shape as the optimization proceeds. This leads to significant cost savings and we demonstrate the performance on several numerical examples.