6.1.1 ACGtk

• Name:
  Abstract Categorial Grammar Development Toolkit
• Keywords:
  Natural language processing, NLP, Syntactic analysis, Semantics
• Scientific Description:

  Abstract Categorial Grammars (ACG) are a grammatical formalism in which grammars are based on typed lambda-calculus. A grammar generates two languages: the abstract language (the language of parse structures), and the object language (the language of the surface forms, e.g., strings, or higher-order logical formulas), which is the realization of the abstract language.

  ACGtk provides two software tools to develop and to use ACGs: acgc, which is a grammar compiler, and acg, which is an interpreter of a command language that allows one, in particular, to parse and realize terms.

• Functional Description:
  ACGtk provides softwares for developing and using Abstract Categorial Grammars (ACG).
• Release Contributions:
  This version fixes some bugs and adds some commands to the scripting language. Some internal modifications also prepare ACGtk to add extensions of ACGs such as weighting.
• News of the Year:
  In addition to modifications to maintain the code (bug fixes, improvement of error messages, documentation, etc.), new functionalities have been added. They mainly consist in adding magic rewriting, automatic generation of abstract terms with a given type, and sorting parses when several solutions exist. Modifications to prepare extensions of ACGs (such as weighting) have also been added.
• URL:
  http://­acg.­loria.­fr/
• Publications:
  hal-01242154, hal-01328702, tel-01412765, inria-00112956, inria-00100529
• Contact:
  Sylvain Pogodalla
• Participants:
  Philippe De Groote, Pierre Ludmann, Jiri Marsik, Sylvain Pogodalla, Vincent Tourneur

6.1.2 Grew

• Name:
  Graph Rewriting
• Keywords:
  Semantics, Syntactic analysis, NLP, Graph rewriting
• Functional Description:
  Grew is a Graph Rewriting tool dedicated to applications in NLP. Grew takes into account confluent and non-confluent graph rewriting and it includes several mechanisms that help to use graph rewriting in the context of NLP applications (built-in notion of feature structures, parametrization of rules with lexical information).
• News of the Year:

  In 2021, a few Grew software versions were released (1.8 is the latest one). The main changes concern the commands available for graph modification (a few commands were added).

  The Grew-match tool (http://match.grew.fr) is an online service available where a user can query different corpora with graph matching requests. All UD corpora (217 in 122 different languages in v2.9) are available and data from several other projects can also be queried. In 2021, 130,000 requests were received on the Grew-match server.

  A new web interface (available on http://transform.grew.fr) was developed to replace the old GTK based one. With this interface, it is possible to visualise the steps of the rewriting process and it can be used to debug rules, for demonstration or in a tutorial session for learning Grew.

  In order to promote the tool and increase its usage, a demo was presented at the EACL 2021 conference (https://hal.inria.fr/hal-03177701) and two tutorials were organised during the TALN conference (https://talnrecital2021.inria.fr/grew-match/ and https://talnrecital2021.inria.fr/grew/).

  The development of Arborator-Grew ( https://arborator.github.io/ ) is still active. The platform will be used in the new Autogramm ANR project.

• URL:
  https://­grew.­fr/
• Publications:
  hal-03177701, hal-01930591, hal-01814386, hal-03021720
• Contact:
  Bruno Guillaume
• Participants:
  Bruno Guillaume, Guy Perrier, Guillaume Bonfante

6.1.3 SLODiM

• Name:
  SLODiM
• Keywords:
  NLP, Discourse, Dialogue, French
• Functional Description:
  SLODiM is a software package for the analysis of oral French. It is more particularly developed to allow the analysis of interviews with clinicians in order to identify language behaviours characteristic of mental pathologies.
• Release Contributions:
  first complete version
• URL:
  https://­team.­inria.­fr/­semagramme/­odim/
• Contact:
  Maxime Amblard
• Partners:
  Loria, Université de Lorraine, CNRS

7.1.1 Abstract Categorial Grammars

7.1.2 Lexical Semantics and Linguistic Knowledge

7.1.3 Anaphora Resolution

Priyansh Trivedi has invested methods for resolving bridging anaphora—an understudied subset of anaphora resolution, concerned with non-identity links between the anaphor and their antecedents. As a first step, numerous baselines were established, based on non-contextual embedding based approaches. These include the use of pretrained word embeddings, and of word net embeddings computed using relational graph convolution network 57 based models over the Wordnet graph. Forays into probing the self-attention matrices of common pretrained language models 42, 50, 56 provided a surprisingly strong baseline for the task as well, demonstrating that these language models are aware of the phenomenon of bridging anaphors, and the contextual representations for anaphors are influenced by antecedents, which in some cases may appear multiple sentences before the anaphor.

In 24, it was demonstrated that the neural models proposed for coreference resolution 49 (a sister task to bridging anaphora resolution, which has been historically extensively studied, and for which large gold-standard datasets are available) are ineffective in resolving bridging anaphors. Further analysis provides evidence to the hypothesis that a major hinderance in their use is the inability of these models to identify anaphoric noun phrases, possibly owing to much smaller training data.

7.1.4 Graph-based Semantics

Siyana Pavlova started her PhD in November 2020. She began to study and compare different existing semantic graph-based annotation frameworks (AMR, UCCA and DRS). The goal is to determine how these frameworks are compatible and if they encode the same level of semantic information. Clara Serruau is working on the same topic with a focus of DRS annotation available in the Parallel Meaning Bank.

7.1.5 Effects and Handlers in Natural Language

We publish the long version article of our work on Effects and Handlers 7.

In formal semantics, logical meanings are assigned to natural language utterances with compositionality. The functions are often formalized using the λ-calculus. meanings are derived by processes that no longer correspond to pure mathematical functions but rather to context-sensitive procedures, much like the functions of a programming language that manipulate their context with side effects. We claim that by looking at these theories as theories of side effects, we can reuse results from programming language research to combine them.

Our work extends the $\lambda$-calculus with a monad of computations. The monad implements effects and handlers, a recent technique in the study of programming language side effects. We have proven some of the fundamental properties of our extended calculus: subject reduction, confluence and termination. We have then demonstrated how to use our calculus to implement treatments of several linguistic phenomena: deixis, quantification, conventional implicature, anaphora and presupposition.

7.1.6 Semantics of questions

Natural language statements are not only composed of declarative sentences but also of interrogative ones. Moreover, sentences cannot be categorized into purely declarative or purely interrogative sentences. Typically, a declarative statement may contain an indirect interrogative clause:

• I do not know where is Mary.

Conversely, a direct interrogative clause may contain a declarative subordinate:

• Do you know that Mary is here ?

This interaction between declarative and interrogative clauses is particularly present in dialogues, where the logical notion of answerhood is as significant as the one of inference.

In order to tackle this problematics from a formal standpoint, we investigated the properties and possible uses of inquisitive semantics, which is a formal semantic theory based on a logic that provides a uniform treatment of both declarative and interrogative expressions. In that vein, we have shown how a semantic framework developed from inquisitive logic and neo-Davidsonian event semantics gives a compositional account of the semantics of wh-questions 11. We have also studied the connection that exists between intensional and inquisitive models. In particular, we have shown how intensional semantics can be embedded into inquisitive semantics in a conservative way 38, 19.

7.2.1 Dialogue Modeling

Maxime Amblard and Maria Boritchev pursue the development of a dynamic model of dialogue for questions and answers.

Formal studies of discourse raise numerous interrogations on the nature and the definition of the way consecutive sentences combine with one another. The shift from discourse to dialogue brings forward even more specific issues. Dialogue acts are more intrinsically connected because of the dynamicity of the interaction.

They present in 32 a formal approach to compositional processing of questions and answers in the Schizophrenia and Language, Analysis and Modeling corpus (SLAM). They address dialogue lexicality issues starting from the formal definitions of so-called Düsseldorf Frame Semantics given. They introduce a view of dialogues as compositions of negotiation phases that can be studied separately one from another while linked by a common dialogue context (accessible to all participants of a dialogue).

Maxime Amblard continues a common work with Chloé Braud on Formal and Statistical Modelling of dialogues. In the PhD thesis of Chuyuan Li, they design tools to automatically retrieve characteristic features of dialogues. They present results in 23. to extend this work, Chuyuan Li is currently on sabatical leave in University British Columbia, working in the Gioseppe Carenini group.

7.2.2 Pathological Discourse Modelling

Michel Musiol has obtained a full-time delegation in the Sémagramme team. This proximity makes it possible to set up a more active collaboration on the issue of pathological discourse modeling. He has worked on the development of the possibility of testing his conjectures on the cognitive and psychopathological profile of the interlocutors, in addition to information provided by the model of ruptures and incongruities in pathological discourse. This methodological system makes it possible to discuss, or even evaluate, the heuristic potential of the computational models developed on the basis of empirical facts.

Maxime Amblard and Michel Musiol pursue the Inria Exploratory Action on this issues ODiM with the constitution of the resource and extension pf the tool SLoDIM. The theoretical work focused on the formal definition of transactions in dialogue. To do so, with Samuel Buchel and Amandine Lecomte, they introduce a dynamic definition of back channel words which are used to classify the dialogue units. With Manuel Rebuschi they publish a book which summarize the (In)Coherence of Discourse workshops 29, with a survey on Schizophrenia analysis 35. Moreovern they finish another survey on the specificities of the collection of data with patients suffering form mental diseases 30.

Maxime Amblard supervised the internship of Amandine Decker. During her previous internship they highlighted a more thematic reading of the dialogues that allowed us to understand the overall structure of the conversation. This work presents several representations that attempt to model the interaction between themes without completely overwriting the interaction within themes. Topoi annotations help to better define the sub-themes. They focus on pathological data.

7.3.1 FR-FraCas

Maxime Amblard, Clement Beysson, Philippe de Groote, Bruno Guillaume and Sylvain Pogodalla carried on the development of FR-FraCas, a French version of the FraCas test suite 41 which is an inference test suite, in English, for evaluating the inferential competence of different NLP systems and semantic theories. There currently exists a multilingual version of the resource for Farsi, German, Greek, and Mandarin. Sémagramme completed the first translation into French of the test suite. The latter has been publicly released.

During his internship, Leo Mangel builds the semantic annotation of a subset of the French version using Neo-Davidsonian event semantics and formalise it in the ACGtk framework.

7.3.2 Universal Dependencies and Surface Syntactic Universal Dependencies

The Universal Dependencies project (UD) aims at building a syntactic dependency scheme which allows for similar analyses for several different languages. Bruno Guillaume and Guy Perrier are active in the UD community, and participate to the development and the improvement of the French data in this international initiative.

During 2021, they continue working, in collaboration with Sylvain Kahane, Kim Gerdes and their teams on the promotion of the Surface Syntactic Universal Dependencies (SUD) framework. SUD is an annotation scheme for syntactic dependency treebanks, that is almost isomorphic to UD (Universal Dependencies). Contrary to UD, it is based on syntactic criteria (favoring functional heads) and the relations are defined on distributional and functional bases. In 18, they bring to the fore some advantages to first develop a new treebank in Surface-Syntactic Universal Dependencies (SUD) annotation scheme, even if the goal is to obtain a UD treebank. Theoretical benefits of SUD are presented, as well as UD-compatible SUD innovations. The twoway UD , SUD conversion is explained, as well as the possibility to customize the conversion for a given language. The paper concludes by a practical guide for the development of a SUD treebank.

A website was built to present the framework (guidelines, data). The Sémagramme teams is notably in charge of the Grew-based tools for conversion with the UD framework. These conversion tools are used both to produce the UD data for a few SUD native treebanks and of to produce the SUD version of all UD available data.

A new corpus was added to the SUD project in Beja, a Cushitic language spoken in Sudan. This is the first treebank for Beja in the UD/SUD project. It has been built from the conversion and enhancement of an Interlinear Glossed Text (IGT). The paper 22 presents this corpus and describes the choice to use a morph-based annotation and its consequences; the processing chain from an IGT to a morph-based dependency treebank and a word-based treebank; and several interesting constructions in Beja.

Following her internship in the summer of 2020, Hee-Soo Choi continued working on linguistic typology based on UD annotated data during her M2 research mémoire, with Karën Fort and Bruno Guillaume. She used Grew to enrich the UD annotations and studied the respective word order of verbs with their subjects and objects on 74 languages and compared with other linguistic works. The work was published at RANLP 2021 17. She then focused on four Greenberg's universal, providing results which constitute new typological information based on large amounts of data that can fill in gaps in the existing databases. The corpus-based approach allowed to evaluate the consistency between corpora of the same language and showed a great variation according to the corpus types: oral language, written language in newspapers, tweets, poetry, novels, grammars, etc. This last part of the work was published at the Syntax Fest (the event will happen in 2022 but the proceedings are dated in 2021 16).

Bruno Guillaume and Guy Perrier participated in the IWPT 2021 Shared Task on Parsing into Enhanced Universal Dependencies (EUD) 21. EUD is an enrichment of UD annotations with deep syntactic relations (subjects of infinitives, co-references in relative clause constructions, dependency propagation on conjuncts of coordinations $...$). The originality of their approach is to use graph rewriting 20 to enrich UD annotations of corpora into EUD annotations.

7.3.3 DinG

Maria Boritchev and Maxime Amblard finished the development of DinG. Ding is a transcription corpus of oral French, based on multilogues between 3 to 4 people playing the board game Catan. It was created to study human dialogue based on attested, spontaneous and unconstrained, without personal information, oral data in French. It allows the study of long interactions, going beyond informative exchanges. The recordings were then processed to produce a transcribed version of the games. To this end, a guide was developed and transcribers were recruited. Each recording was treated individually: segmentation into turns, transcription according to the guide, verification by a super annotator. Thus, the resource produced is of very good quality. It contains 14 hours of recording for 22k speaking turns and 115k words 26.

7.3.4 Non-projective dependencies in French corpora

Guy Perrier studied the non-projective syntactic dependencies in French corpora annotated according to two dependency syntax formats: Universal Dependencies and Surface Syntactic Universal Dependencies 8. This study highlights the very local character of the configurations of two crossing dependencies, which is one of the ways to characterize non-projectivity. It also highlights four main linguistic sources of non-projectivity: clitic climbing, deep extraction, dependency length minimization and pairs of distant dependent words.

7.3.5 Interoperable Semantic Annotation

We participated in the challenge on quantification annotation of the ISO Workshop on Interoperable Semantic Annotation, in order to assess the quantML annotation framework. In addition to the annotations, we also provided several tools, based on the software developed by the team, to make the task easier and improve the reliability of the annotation 13.

8.1.1 C&S Group

Participants: Maxime Amblard, Philippe de Groote, Laurine Jeannot.

8.1.2 Yseop

Participants: Philippe de Groote, Maxime Guillaume.

9.1.1 Participation in other International Programs

Participants: Maxime Amblard, Philippe [, Sylvain Pogodalla.

Sémagramme is part of the Inria-DFKI project IMPRESS. Its goals are are to investigate the integration of semantic knowledge into embeddings and its impact on selected downstream tasks, to extend this approach to multimodal and mildly multilingual settings, and to develop open source software and lexical resources, focusing on video activity recognition as a practical testbed. The project is lead by Pascal Denis (MAGNET, Inria Lille-Europe), and Multispeech (Inria Nancy-Grand Est) member of this project.

Sémagramme is part of the Inria-DFKI project MePheSTO. It is an interdisciplinary research project that envisions a scientifically sound methodology based on artificial intelligence methods for the identification and classification of objective, and thus measurable, digital phenotypes of psychiatric disorders. MePheSTO has a solid foundation of clinically motivated scenarios and use-cases synthesized jointly with clinical partners. Important to MePheSTO is the creation of a multimodal corpus including speech, video, and biosensors of social patient-clinician interactions, which serves as the basis for deriving methods, models and knowledge. Important project outcomes include technical tools and organizational methods for the management of medical data that implement both ELSI and GDPR requirements, demonstration scenarios covering patients’ journeys including early detection, diagnosis support, relapse prediction, therapy support. The project is co-lead by François Bremond (Star, Inria Sophia Antipolis).

9.2.1 FP7 & H2020 projects

AI Proficient Sémagramme is part of the AI Proficient ICT-38-2020 - Artificial intelligence for manufacturing project (, coordinated by the CRAN laboratory of Université de Lorraine. By combining human knowledge with AI capabilities, the EU-funded AI-PROFICIENT project will develop proactive control strategies to improve manufacturing processes in terms of production efficiency, quality and maintenance. The overall goal is to increase the positive impact of AI technology on the manufacturing process as a whole, while keeping the human in a central position, assuming supervisory (human-on-the-loop) and executive (human-in-command) roles. By identifying the effective means for human-machine interaction, the project will assist Europe’s manufacturing and process industry to improve production planning and execution.

Karën Fort is the Project Ethics Officer and as such is responsible for the ethical dimensions of the project. Marc Anderson was hired as a post-doc researcher on the project is carrying out research on AI Ethics by Design in the Sémagramme team.

9.2.2 Other european programs/initiatives

enetCollect COST action Sémagramme is part of the European Network for Combining Language Learning with Crowdsourcing Techniques (enetCollect) COST action, which has been prolonged until September 2021. The action aims at unlocking a crowdsourcing potential available for all languages and at triggering an innovation breakthrough for the production of language learning material, such as lesson or exercise content, and language-related datasets such as, among others, NLP language resources. Karën Fort is Management Committee member for France and was leading the Working Group 5 of the action (Application-oriented specifications for an ethical, legal and profitable solution) but she resigned in 2020 due to a potential conflict of interest with the AI Proficient external ethical advisor, Katerina Zdravkova (University of Skopje, Macedonia), who was vice leader of WG5.

LITHME COST action Sémagramme is part of the Language In The Human-Machine Era (LITHME) COST action. LITHME aims at shining a light on the ethical implications of emerging language technologies. Karën Fort is Management Committee member for France.

9.3.1 ODiM

Outils informatisés d’aide au Diagnostic des Maladies mentales

2019 - 2022

Coordinator: Maxime Amblard

Participants: Maxime Amblard, Vincent-Thomas Barrouillet, Samuel Buchel, Amandine Lecomte, Chuyuan Li, Michel Musiol

Abstract:

ODiM is an interdisciplinary project, at the interface of psychiatry-psychopathology, linguistics, formal semantics and digital sciences. It aims to replace the paradigm of Language and Thought Disorders (LTD) as used in the Mental Health sector with a semantic-formal and cognitive model of Discourse Disorders (DD). These disorders are translated into pathognomonic signs, making them complementary diagnostic tools as well as screening for vulnerable people before the psychosis's trigger. The project has three main components.

The work is based on real data from interviews with patients with schizophrenia. A data collection phase in partner hospitals and with a control group, consisting of interviews and neuro-cognitive tests, is therefore necessary.

The data collection will allow the development of the theoretical model, both in psycholinguistic and semantic formalization for the identification of diagnostic signs. The success of such a project requires the extension of the analysis methodology in order to increase the model's ability to identify sequences with symptomatic discontinuities.

If the general objective of the project is to propose a methodological framework for defining and understanding diagnostic clues associated with psychosis, we also wish to equip these approaches by developing software to automatically identify these clues, both in terms of discourse and language behaviour.

9.3.2 ANR CoDeinE

The ANR project CoDeinE (artificial text COrpus DEsIgNed Ethically automatic synthesis of clinical documents) is coordinated by Aurélie Névéol (Limsi). Sémagramme is one the partner: Karën Fort (local coordinator) and Bruno Guillaume are involved in the project.

Within the framework of this project, Karën Fort is co-advisor of the PhD thesis of Nicolas Hiebel, with Aurélie Névéol and Olivier Ferret (CEA). The objective of the work is to develop synthetic clinical corpora to bypass the ethical issues generated by the use of real data. As resources for semantic similarity in the clinical domain in French as scarse, the efforts were focused on that point during the first months of the thesis (and during the Master 2 mémoire of N. Hiebel).

9.3.3 GDR LIFT

Sémagramme participates in GDR LIFT (Linguistique Informatique, Formelle et de Terrain). Karën Fort is co-chair (with G. Wisniewski) of the axis 2: Linguistique et évaluation des systèmes de traitement automatique des langues. She is also the co-organizer of the LIFT summer school on annotation, planned in 2022.

10.1.1 Scientific events: selection

10.1.2 Journal

10.1.3 Invited talks

• Marc Anderson: “Human Where? A New Scale Defining Human Involvement in Technology Communities from an Ethical Standpoint” AI-MAN (ICT-38) Projects Cluster
• Marc Anderson: “Ethical and Legal Issues of Artificial Intelligence In Manufacturing” Workshops Series Online (25 November)
• Marc Anderson: “Commentaires sur la Charte OLKi,” Intelligence Artificielle et Vie Privée (in the framework of the project Open Language and Knowledge for Citizens (OLKi)), France, June 10th, 2021.
• Karën Fort: “Ethics in computational linguistics”. DiLCo international research networking project workshop on "Ethics in digital language research". online/Hamburg, Germany, Oct. 8th, 2021.
• Karën Fort: “Ethics and AI (a view from NLP)”. Invited presentation at the seminar of the SAILS interdisciplinary program. online/Leiden, Nederlands. Sept. 27th, 2021

10.1.4 Leadership within the scientific community

• Maxime Amblard: Management Committee of the OLKI project (Lorraine Université d'Excellence project - PIA), co-leader of the workpackage 2 on NLP activities.
• Karën Fort: has been nominated as co-chair of the ACL Ethics committee, with Min Yen Kan (Singapore Univ.) and Yulia Tsvetkov (Univ. of Washington).

10.1.5 Scientific expertise

• Maxime Amblard is member of the scientific board of the INJS - Institut National des Jeunes Sourds.
• Karën Fort was external evaluator for the special CFP Digital Humanism of the Vienna Science and Technology Fund and for a Discovery grant of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
• Philippe de Groote acted as an expert for the State Education Development Agency (SEDA) of Latvia.

10.1.6 Research administration

• Maxime Amblard
  • Member of conseil scientifique of Université de Lorraine
  • Standing invitee at the pôle scientifique AM2I of Université de Lorraine
  • Member of the Sénat Académique of Université de Lorraine
  • Member of the grade promotion committee of Université de Lorraine
  • Member of the administration council of the Institut des sciences du digital, management et cognition
  • Head of the master in Natural Language Processing (master 1 and 2) 12. The supervision of different students project lead to 15
• Karën Fort
  • Member of the CNU 27
  • Member of the IRB (CER) of Sorbonne Université
  • Member of the conseil of UFR SISH (Sociologie et Informatique pour les Sciences Humaines) at Sorbonne Université since 2018.
  • Member of the selection committee (Comité de sélection) for MCF section 27 at the UFR STN and laboratoire Programmation et Informatique Fondamentale de l’Université Paris 8.
• Philippe de Groote
  • Member the bureau du comité des projets d’Inria Nancy – Grand Est.
• Bruno Guillaume
  • Head of the Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Discovery department of the LORIA laboratory
  • Manager (with Alain Polguère) of the CPER (Contrat de Plan État-Région) "Langues, Connaissances et Humanités Numériques".
• Sylvain Pogodalla
  • Elected member of the comité de centre Inria Nancy – Grand Est,
  • In charge of the local commission IES (information et édition scientifique) of the Inria Nancy – Grand Est and LORIA.
  • Member of the national commission IES of Inria.

10.2.1 Teaching

• Licence:
  • Valentin Richard, Langages de Scripts, 50h, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Maxime Amblard, AI Introduction, 15h, L1, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Maxime Amblard, Maria Boritchev and Chuyuan Li NLP for beginners, 20h, L2, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Maxime Amblard, Maria Boritchev and Chuyuan Li Linguistic engineering, 20h, L3, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Maria Boritchev, Formalisms and reasoning representations , 20h, L3, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Maria Boritchev, Algorithmic 1, 26h, L1, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Maria Boritchev, Tools and digital culture 1, 20h, L1, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Hee-Soo Choi, Corpus processing (introduction to Python), 24h, Université de Lorraine, France
  • Karën Fort, Relational databases, 55h, L3, Sorbonne Université, France.
  • Pierre Ludmann, Informatics 2, 20h, Mines de Nancy, France.
• Master:
  • Maxime Amblard and Siyana Pavlova, Python Programming, 30h, M1 NLP, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Maria Boritchev MAmblard and Siyana Pavlova, Methods for NLP, 36h, M1 NLP, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Maxime Amblard, NLP project, 20h, M1 NLP, Université de Lorraine, France
  • Maxime Amblard and William Babonnaud, Formalisms and Syntax, 24h, M2 NLP, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Maxime Amblard and Valentin Richard, Discourse and Dialogue, 18h, M2 NLP, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Maxime Amblard, software project, 10h, M2 NLP, Université de Lorraine, France
  • Maria Boritchev, Calculability and Complexity, 10h, M1, Université de Lorraine, France
  • Philippe de Groote, Formal Logic, 22h, M1 NLP, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Philippe de Groote, Formal languages, 22h, M1 NLP, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Philippe de Groote, Computational Semantics, 18h, M2 NLP, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Philippe de Groote, Computational structures and logics for natural language modeling, 18h, M2 NLP, Université Paris Diderot – Paris 7, France.
  • Karën Fort, Data ethics (English), 3h, M2 NLP and cog. Sces (IDMC), Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Karën Fort, Formal Grammar, 39h, M1, Sorbonne Université, France.
  • Karën Fort, Corpora, resources and tools for linguistics, 39h, M1, Sorbonne Université, France.
  • Karën Fort, NLP platforms, 15h, M2, Sorbonne Université, France.
  • Karën Fort, Collaborative annotation for NLP, 30h, M2, Sorbonne Université, France.
  • Karën Fort, Crowdsourcing for NLP, 3h, M2, Nanterre Université, France.
  • Bruno Guillaume, Written Corpora TAL (English), 44h, M1 NLP, Université de Lorraine, France.
  • Chuyuan Li, Introduction to G5K (English), 4h, M1 NLP, Université de Lorraine, France.
• Doctorate:
  • Karën Fort, Scientific integrity, 6h, École doctorale 5, Faculté des lettres, Sorbonne Université.
  • Karën Fort, Ethics and NLP, 3h, École d'été of the GDR TAL (ETAL), June 2021, Lannion, France.
• Tutorials:
  • Karën Fort: TALN 2021 tutorial on Reviewing Natural Language Processing Research co-organised with Kevin Cohen, Margot Mieskes, Aurélie Névéol et Anna Rogers.
  • Karën Fort: Ethics and NLP : an (almost) tutorial, in the Tutorial on Ethics in AI and human-machine interaction, at the International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI) 2021, with Raja Chatila, Monique Morrow, Johanna Seibt, Mohamed Chetouani and David Cohen. October 2021.
  • Karën Fort: Reviewing Natural Language Processing Research (Introductory) at EACL (rank A) co-organised with Kevin Cohen, Margot Mieskes, Aurélie Névéol and Anna Rogers. April 2021.
• International Summer School:
  • Philippe de Groote with Yoad Winter, Introduction to natural language formal semantics, at the 32nd European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information (ESSLLI 2021).

10.2.2 Supervision

• PhD:
  • Maria Boritchev, Modélisation dynamique des dialogues, Novembre 22th 2021, supervisors: Maxime Amblard and Philippe de Groote, Reviewers: Farah Benamara Zitoune (IRIT, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France) and Jonathan Ginzburg (Université Paris Diderot – Paris 7, France), Jury : Ellen Breitholtz (Göteborg University, Sweden), Iris Eshkol-Taravella, (Université Paris Nanterre, France), president: Miguel Couceiro (Université de Lorraine, France).
• PhD in progress:
  • William Babonnaud, Lexical Semantics, Compositionality and Type Coercion, since September 2018, Philippe de Groote.
  • Samuel Buchel, Linguistic, Semantic and Cognitive Modelling of Dialogical Incongruities and Discontinuities in The Interaction with The Schizophrenic Patients, since December 2019, Maxime Amblard and Michel Musiol.
  • Hee-Soo Choi, Lier des ressources lexicales du français en vue d’une interopérabilité entre niveaux linguistiques. Funding: Ecole Doctorale Sociétés, Langages, Temps, Connaissances, Univ. de Lorraine, since Oct. 2021. Karën Fort and Mathieu Constant.
  • Maxime Guillaume, Structures de traits pour les Grammaires Catégorielles Abstraites, since July 2021, Philippe de Groote.
  • Laurine Jeannot, Robust Semantic and Discourse Analysis of Natural Language System Specifications, since January 2021, Maxime Amblard and Philippe de Groote.
  • Amandine Lecomte, Analyse longitudinale de prise en charge psychothérapeutique de patients psychiatriques et de patients atteints de maladies neurodégénératives : informatisation et modélisation dialogique des indices comportementaux associés à l’efficacité (vs échec) des stratégies de prise en charge tentées par les thérapeute, since October 2019, Michel Musiol and Alexandra König.
  • Chuyuan Li, Formal and Statistical Modeling of Dialogue, since October 2019, Maxime Amblard and Chloé Braud.
  • Pierre Ludmann, Dynamic Construction of Discursive Structures, since September 2017, Philippe de Groote and Sylvain Pogodalla.
  • Siyana Pavlova, Tools and Methods for Semantic Annotation, since November 2020, Maxime Amblard and Bruno Guillaume.
  • Valentin Richard, Aspects compositionnels et dynamiques de la sémantique inquisitrice, since September 2021, Philippe de Groote
  • Priyansh Trivedi, Injecting Lexical and Semantic Knowledge into Word, Phrasal and Sentence Embeddings, since November 2021, Philippe de Groote and Pascal Denis.

10.2.3 Juries

• Maxime Amblard and Philippe de Groote were members of the jury of the PhD thesis of Maria Boritchev (Université de Lorraine).

10.3.1 Internal or external Inria responsibilities

• Maxime Amblard was the vice head of editorial board of Interstices.info until June and still member of the scientific committee

10.3.2 Articles and contents

• Maxime Amblard participated in a podcast on digital tools for mental health for Interstices.info
• Maxime Amblard has updated his unplugged activity 37.

10.3.3 Education

• Karën Fort did a 2h seminar at lycée Paul Valéry in Paris, for 60 students of première specializing in computer science and science (physics and biology) on the work of a researcher (Paroles de Chercheuses et de Chercheurs).

10.3.4 Interventions

• Karën Fort was interviewed in the MIT Technology Review, May 20th, 2021 : The race to understand the exhilarating, dangerous world of language AI (Karen Hao).
• Marc Anderson mentionned in "Pour un développement des IAs respectueux de la vie privée" Blog Binaire on "Le Monde" website

International journals

• 6 articleM.Mathilde Dargnat and J.Jacques Jayez. Mais et associés.Lexique29December 2021
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• 7 articleJ.Jirka Maršík, M.Maxime Amblard and P.Philippe de Groote. Introducing ⦇ λ ⦈, a λ-calculus for effectful computation.Theoretical Computer Science869February 2021, 108-155
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• 8 articleG.Guy Perrier. Study of non-projective dependencies in French.Revue TAL6212021
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• 9 articleR.Robert Reinecke, T. A.Tatjana A Nazir, S.Sarah Carvallo and J.Jacques Jayez. Factives at hand: When presupposition mode affects motor response.Journal of Experimental Psychology2022
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International peer-reviewed conferences

• 10 inproceedingsG.Guilherme Alves, M.Maxime Amblard, F.Fabien Bernier, M.Miguel Couceiro and A.Amedeo Napoli. Reducing Unintended Bias of ML Models on Tabular and Textual Data.The 8th IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA)Porto (virtual event), PortugalOctober 2021, 1-10
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• 11 inproceedingsM.Maxime Amblard, M.Maria Boritchev and P.Philippe de Groote. An inquisitive account of wh-questions through event semantics.Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics 2021Montpellier (online), FranceDecember 2021
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• 12 inproceedingsM.Maxime Amblard and M.Miguel Couceiro. A Broad NLP Training from Speech to Knowledge.NAACL 2021 - Fifth Workshop on Teaching NLP at the Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational LinguisticsMexico / Virtual, MexicoJune 2021
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• 13 inproceedingsM.Maxime Amblard, K.Karën Fort, B.Bruno Guillaume, P.Philippe de Groote, C.Chuyuan Li, P.Pierre Ludmann, M.Michel Musiol, S.Siyana Pavlova, G.Guy Perrier and S.Sylvain Pogodalla. The Annotators Did Not Agree on Some of the Guidelines Examples.ISA-17, the Seventeenth Workshop on Interoperable Semantic AnnotationGroningen/Virtuel, NetherlandsJune 2021
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• 14 inproceedingsW.William Babonnaud. Covariant Subtyping Applied to Semantic Predicate Calculi.Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics 2021Montpellier (online), FranceDecember 2021
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• 15 inproceedingsE.Eduardo Calò, L.Léo Jacqmin, T.Thibo Rosemplatt, M.Maxime Amblard, M.Miguel Couceiro and A.Ajinkya Kulkarni. GECko+: a Grammatical and Discourse Error Correction Tool.Actes de la 28e Conférence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles. Volume 3 : DémonstrationsTALN 2021 - 28e Conférence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues NaturellesLille / Virtual, FranceATALA2021, 8-11
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• 16 inproceedingsH.-S.Hee-Soo Choi, B.Bruno Guillaume and K.Karën Fort. Corpus-based Language Universals Analysis using Universal Dependencies.Quasy (Quantitative Syntax), SyntaxFest 2021Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Quantitative Syntax (Quasy, SyntaxFest 2021)Sofia, Bulgaria2021
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• 17 inproceedingsH.-S.Hee-Soo Choi, B.Bruno Guillaume, K.Karën Fort and G.Guy Perrier. Investigating Dominant Word Order on Universal Dependencies with Graph Rewriting.Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP2021)Online, BulgariaSeptember 2021
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• 18 inproceedingsK.Kim Gerdes, B.Bruno Guillaume, S.Sylvain Kahane and G.Guy Perrier. Starting a new treebank? Go SUD! Theoretical and practical benefits of the Surface-Syntactic distributional approach.Sixth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2021)Sofia, Bulgaria2021
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• 19 inproceedingsP.Philippe de Groote and V. .Valentin D. Richard. Embedding Intensional Semantics into Inquisitive Semantics.17th Meeting on the Mathematics of LanguageMontpellier (online), FranceDecember 2021
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• 20 inproceedingsB.Bruno Guillaume. Graph Matching and Graph Rewriting: GREW tools for corpus exploration, maintenance and conversion.EACL 2021 - 16th conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational LinguisticsKiev/Online, UkraineApril 2021
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• 21 inproceedingsB.Bruno Guillaume and G.Guy Perrier. Graph Rewriting for Enhanced Universal Dependencies.IWPT 2021 - 17th International Conference on Parsing TechnologiesProceedings of the 17th International Conference on Parsing Technologies and the IWPT 2021 Shared Task on Parsing into Enhanced Universal Dependencies (IWPT 2021)Bangkok (Online), ThailandAugust 2021
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• 22 inproceedingsS.Sylvain Kahane, M.Martine Vanhove, R.Rayan Ziane and B.Bruno Guillaume. A morph-based and a word-based treebank for Beja.SyntaxFestTLT 2021 - 20th International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic TheoriesSofia, Bulgaria2021
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• 23 inproceedingsC.Chuyuan Li, M.Maxime Amblard, C.Chloé Braud, C.Caroline Demily, N.Nicolas Franck and M.Michel Musiol. Investigating non lexical markers of the language of schizophrenia in spontaneous conversations.Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Computational Approaches to Discourse2nd Workshop on Computational Approaches to Discourse (CODI 2021)Punta Cana, Dominican RepublicAssociation for Computational LinguisticsNovember 2021, 20-28
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• 24 inproceedingsJ.Joseph Renner, P.Priyansh Trivedi, G.Gaurav Maheshwari, R.Rémi Gilleron and P.Pascal Denis. An End-to-End Approach for Full Bridging Resolution.CODI-CRAC 2021 Shared-Task: Anaphora Resolution in DialoguesProceedings of the CODI-CRAC 2021 Shared Task on Anaphora, Bridging, and Discourse Deixis in DialoguePunta Cana, Dominican RepublicAssociation for Computational LinguisticsNovember 2021, 48-54
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National peer-reviewed Conferences

• 25 inproceedingsS.Sina Ahmadi, M.Mathieu Constant, K.Karën Fort, B.Bruno Guillaume and J. P.John P. McCrae. Convertir le Trésor de la Langue Française en Ontolex-Lemon : un zeste de données liées.Journées LIFT 2021 - Linguistique informatique, formelle et de terrainGrenoble, FranceDecember 2021
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• 26 inproceedingsM.Maria Boritchev and M.Maxime Amblard. DinG -- a corpus of transcriptions of real-life, oral, spontaneous multi-party dialogues between French-speaking players of Catan.Journées LIFT 2021 - Linguistique informatique, formelle et de terrainGrenoble, FranceDecember 2021
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• 27 inproceedingsH.-S.Hee-Soo Choi, B.Bruno Guillaume and K.Karën Fort. Analyse orientée corpus d'universaux de Greenberg sur Universal Dependencies.Journées LIFT 2021 - Linguistique informatique, formelle et de terrainGrenoble, FranceDecember 2021
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Conferences without proceedings

• 28 inproceedingsW.William Babonnaud. On the Dual Interpretation of Nouns as Types and Predicates in Semantic Type Theories.2nd Workshop on Computing Semantics with Types, Frames and Related Structures, ESSLLI 2021Virtual, NetherlandsJuly 2021
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Scientific book chapters

• 29 inbookM.Maxime Amblard, M.Michel Musiol and M.Manuel Rebuschi. Discourse coherence - From psychology to linguistics and back again.(In)coherence of discourse - Formal and Conceptual issues of LanguageSpringerJune 2021
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• 30 inbookM.Maxime Amblard, M.Manuel Rebuschi and M.Michel Musiol. Corpus et pathologie mentale : particularités dans la constitution et l'analyse d'une ressource.Les corpus en sciences humaines et socialesPresses Universitaires de NancyFebruary 2021
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• 31 inbookM. M.Marc M Anderson. Personality in Seagoing Ships.The Cultural Power of Personal Objects: Traditional Accounts and New PerspectivesSUNY series in American Philosophy and Cultural ThoughtJared KemlingDecember 2021
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• 32 inbookM.Maria Boritchev and M.Maxime Amblard. Picturing Questions and Answers - a formal approach to SLAM.(In)coherence of discourse - Formal and Conceptual issues of Language(In)coherence of discourse Formal and Conceptual issues of LanguageSpringerJune 2021
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• 33 inbookR.Raja Chatila, M.Mohamed Chetouani, R.Renaud Debailly, K.Karën Fort, F.Ferdinand Dhombres, E.Emmanuel Fournier, L.Laïla Khellaf, S.Sophie Lavault, S.Sébastien Payan, É.Émilie Pesce, A.Agnès Roby-Brami and M.Monique Van Donzel. L’éthique de la recherche en temps de pandémie : un retour d’expérience.Sorbonnavirus - Regards sur la crise du coronavirusMay 2021
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• 34 inbookA.Annie Kuyumcuyan and M.Michel Musiol. L'entretien clinique avec la personne polyhandicapée : un terrain commun sciences du langage / psychiatrie.Les sciences du langage face aux défis de la disciplinarisation et de l'interdisciplinarité. Malika Temmar, Marina Krylyschin, Guy Achard-Bayle (éds).January 2021
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Edition (books, proceedings, special issue of a journal)

• 35 bookM.Maxime Amblard, M.Michel Musiol and M.Manuel Rebuschi. (In)coherence of Discourse. Formal and conceptual issues of language.Language, Cognition and Mind (Chungmin Lee “Editor Springer book series)SpringerJune 2021
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Doctoral dissertations and habilitation theses

• 36 thesisM.Maria Boritchev. Dialogue Modeling in a Dynamic Framework.Université de Lorraine (UL), Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, FRA.November 2021
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Reports & preprints

• 37 miscM.Maxime Amblard. Les lapins magiciens.June 2021
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Other scientific publications

• 38 thesisV. .Valentin D. Richard. Embedding Intentional Semantics into Inquisitive Semantics.Université de ParisJune 2021
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• 39 miscD.Dave Sayers, R.Rui Sousa-Silva, S.Sviatlana Höhn, L.Lule Ahmedi, K.Kais Allkivi-Metsoja, D.Dimitra Anastasiou, Š.Štefan Beňuš, L.Lynne Bowker, E.Eliot Bytyçi, A.Alejandro Catala, A.Anila Çepani, R.Rubén Chacón-Beltrán, S.Sami Dadi, F.Fisnik Dalipi, V.Vladimir Despotovic, A.Agnieszka Doczekalska, S.Sebastian Drude, K.Karën Fort, R.Robert Fuchs, C.Christian Galinski, F.Federico Gobbo, T.Tunga Gungor, S.Siwen Guo, K.Klaus Höckner, P.PetraLea Láncos, T.Tomer Libal, T.Tommi Jantunen, D.Dewi Jones, B.Blanka Klimova, E.EminErkan Korkmaz, S.Sepesy Maučec Mirjam, M.Miguel Melo, F.Fanny Meunier, B.Bettina Migge, B.Barbu Mititelu Verginica, A.Aurélie Névéol, A.Arianna Rossi, A.Antonio Pareja-Lora, C.Christina Sanchez-Stockhammer, A.Aysel Şahin, A.Angela Soltan, C.Claudia Soria, S.Sarang Shaikh, M.Marco Turchi and S.Sule Yildirim Yayilgan. The Dawn of the Human-Machine Era: A forecast of new and emerging language technologies..May 2021
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Scientific popularization

• 40 articleM.Maxime Amblard and J.Joanna Jongwane. L’intelligence artificielle au service des maladies mentales.IntersticesApril 2021
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