2023Activity reportTeamMEXICO

Introduction.

The general objective of the Mexico team is the analysis and control of complex, concurrent and composite systems, using intensively our expertise in formal models for dynamical systems.

We have chosen to modify the detailed presentation of objectives and domains, comparted to the way they were presented in previous years, to account for the evolution of our work over the past years.

2.1 Overall objectives, Evolution and Perspectives

The goals of the Mexico team have been structured around three main transversal (and fundamental) objectives, and four application domains. The main objectives have been

1. Model and exploit concurrency, asynchrony and distribution,
2. address the challenges posed by the interaction of diverse and semi-transparent components, and
3. manage quantitative aspects of behaviour;

these objectives intersected and transversed the application domains of

1. telecommunications,
2. biological regulation networks,
3. metabolic networks and
4. transportation systems.

Globally, the fundamental objectives still hold unchanged, and have manifested themselves in our activities and results. It should be noted that the intention behind the objective 'interaction' had been mainly to to address combinations of web services or similar, software-related entities from telecommunications; by contrast, the current realization of the interaction objective has been, over the past years, the dynamic networks and distributed algorithms, with the focus on hardware and'wetware'.

This phenomenon is not limited to one objective,but indicative of a more general, fundamental shift in our application domains:

• The telecommunications domain had been, until about the 2010s, a rather favorable ground for our activities of axis 1 , plus our work on partial order semantics. After that, the focus in the application area changed, and we were not able to secure industrial partnerships in telecommunication.
• The field of transportation systems had still been active in the previous reporting period, with collaborative projects on multimodel transport networks on the one hand, and autonomous vehicles at the other. This was the reason that this application domain was part of our intended targets at the time of the previous evaluation, but the submissions of follow-up proposals were unsuccesful, and the partnerships dissolved; were the Mexico team to be renewed, this domain would no longer be part of its objectives.
• The field of biological networks, on the other hand, is still very active, while undergoing several modifications. First of all, the work on metabolic pathways in Mexico ended with the end of the temporary stay of Philippe Dague in the team. Then, the subject of cellular reprogramming had been carried by the ANR-FNR project AlgoReCell, with partners at Institut Pasteur and University of Luxemburg ; but here again, a follow-up project submission was unsuccessful, and the cooperation with these partners has continued without support. The research on the scientific issues raised by cellular reprogramming is continuing and will be pursued under different auspices, see below.
• By contrast, the methodology of modeling biological networks by discrete Petri nets and extracting behavioural information via unfoldings of these models, is being successfully transferred, adapted and extended in the modelling and analysis of ecosystems. The project EcoSystem Causal Analysis with Petri nEt unfoldings (ESCAPE), with Université Evry and INRAE Montpellier, is terminating end of 2023, with the expected completion and defence of Giann Karlo Aguirre Samboní's PhD thesis. Another project, Smart, jointly funded by INRAE and INRIA, is under way in cooperation with the Recover team at INRAE Aix-en-Provence, on the subject of harnessing environmental multi-risks.
• The fields of asynchronous circuits and distributed algorithms for Microbiological Systems is currently in a very active phase, and its amount and intensity of activity have greatly increased, not the least due to the ANR project DREAMY one of whose principal investigators is Matthias Függer (the other being Thomas Nowak, also at LMF). Matthias is also preparing a new biological lab to be hosted at ENS Paris-Saclay to be opened early in 2024.

Overall, and adding the continuing activity on process mining, we thus have a fundamental change in objectives, reflected by the five axes detailed below. These axes will continue in different forms, owed to the termination of the team. Since the creation of MExICo, the weight of quantitative aspects in all parts of our activities has grown, be it in terms of the models considered (weighted automata and logics), be it in transforming verification or diagnosis verdict into probabilistic statements (probabilistic diagnosis, statistical model checking), or within the recently started SystemX cooperation on supervision in multi-modal transport systems. This trend is certain to continue over the next couple of years, along with the growing importance of diagnosis and control issues.

In another development, the theory and use of partial order semantics has gained momentum in the past four years, and we intend to further strengthen our efforts and contacts in this domain to further develop and apply partial-order based deduction methods.

When no complete model of the underlying dynamic system is available, the analysis of logs may allow to reconstruct such a model, or at least to infer some properties of interest; this activity, which has emerged over the past 10 years on the international level, is referred to as process mining. In this emerging activity, we have contributed to unfolding-based process discovery, and the study of process alignments.

Finally, over the past years biological challenges have come to the center of our work, in three different directions:

1. (Re-)programming in discrete concurrent models. Cellular regulatory networks exhibit highly complex concurrent behaviours that is influenced by a high number of perturbations such as mutations. We are in particular investigating discrete models, both in the form of boolean networks and of Petri nets, to harness this complexity, and to obtain viable methods for two interconnected and central challenges:
   • find attractors, i.e. long-run stable states or sets of states, that indicate possible phenotypes of the organism under study, and
   • determine reprogramming strategies that apply perturbations in such a way as to steer the cell's long-run behaviour into some desired phenotype, or away from an undesired one.
2. More recently, but with a related dynamical systems approach and methods that intersect strongly with those in systems biology, we are addressing the modelling, prediction and control of ecosystems.
3. Distributed Algorithms in wild or synthetic biological systems. Since the arrival of Matthias Fuegger in the team, we have also been working, on the multi-cell level, with a distributed algorithms' view on microbiological systems. This approach has two goals: model and analyze existing microbiological systems as distributed systems on the one hand, and design and implement distributed algorithms in synthesized microbiological systems on the other. Major long-term goals are drug production and medical treatment via synthesized bacterial colonies.

3.1 Concurrency

Keywords: Concurrency; Semantics; Automatic Control ; Diagnosis ; Verification.

Participants: Thomas Chatain, Philippe Dague, Matthias Fuegger, Stefan Haar, Serge Haddad, Stefan Schwoon.

3.2 Management of Quantitative Behavior

Participants: Thomas Chatain, Stefan Haar, Serge Haddad.

3.3 Large scale probabilistic systems

Participants: Serge Haddad.

Addressing large-scale probabilistic systems requires to face state explosion, due to both the discrete part and the probabilistic part of the model. In order to deal with such systems, different approaches have been proposed:

• Restricting the synchronization between the components as in queuing networks allows to express the steady-state distribution of the model by an analytical formula called a product-form  23.
• Some methods that tackle with the combinatory explosion for discrete-event systems can be generalized to stochastic systems using an appropriate theory. For instance symmetry based methods have been generalized to stochastic systems with the help of aggregation theory  26.
• At last simulation, which works as soon as a stochastic operational semantic is defined, has been adapted to perform statistical model checking. Roughly speaking, it consists to produce a confidence interval for the probability that a random path fulfills a formula of some temporal logic  35 .

We want to contribute to these three axes: (1) we are looking for product-forms related to systems where synchronization are more involved (like in Petri nets 10); (2) we want to adapt methods for discrete-event systems that require some theoretical developments in the stochastic framework and, (3) we plan to address some important limitations of statistical model checking like the expressiveness of the associated logic and the handling of rare events.

3.4 Real time distributed systems

Participants: Benoît Barbot, Matthias Fuegger, Thomas Chatain, Philippe Dague, Serge Haddad.

Nowadays, software systems largely depend on complex timing constraints and usually consist of many interacting local components. Among them, railway crossings, traffic control units, mobile phones, computer servers, and many more safety-critical systems are subject to particular quality standards. It is therefore becoming increasingly important to look at networks of timed systems, which allow real-time systems to operate in a distributed manner.

Timed automata are a well-studied formalism to describe reactive systems that come with timing constraints. For modeling distributed real-time systems, networks of timed automata have been considered, where the local clocks of the processes usually evolve at the same rate 3125. It is, however, not always adequate to assume that distributed components of a system obey a global time. Actually, there is generally no reason to assume that different timed systems in the networks refer to the same time or evolve at the same rate. Any component is rather determined by local influences such as temperature and workload.

4.1 Biological Networks

Participants: Thomas Chatain, Philippe Dague, Matthias Fuegger, Stefan Haar, Serge Haddad, Stefan Schwoon.

We have begun in 2014 to examine concurrency issues in systems biology, and are currently enlarging the scope of our research’s applications in this direction. To see the context, note that in recent years, a considerable shift of biologists’ interest can be observed, from the mapping of static genotypes to gene expression, i.e. the processes in which genetic information is used in producing functional products. These processes are far from being uniquely determined by the gene itself, or even jointly with static properties of the environment; rather, regulation occurs throughout the expression processes, with specific mechanisms increasing or decreasing the production of various products, and thus modulating the outcome. These regulations are central in understanding cell fate (how does the cell differenciate ? Do mutations occur ? etc), and progress there hinges on our capacity to analyse, predict, monitor and control complex and variegated processes. We have applied Petri net unfolding techniques for the efficient computation of attractors in a regulatory network; that is, to identify strongly connected reachability components that correspond to stable evolutions, e.g. of a cell that differentiates into a specific functionality (or mutation). This constitutes the starting point of a broader research with Petri net unfolding techniques in regulation. In fact, the use of ordinary Petri nets for capturing regulatory network (RN) dynamics overcomes the limitations of traditional RN models : those impose e.g. Monotonicity properties in the influence that one factor had upon another, i.e. always increasing or always decreasing, and were thus unable to cover all actual behaviours. Rather, we follow the more refined model of boolean networks of automata, where the local states of the different factors jointly detemine which state transitions are possible. For these connectors, ordinary PNs constitute a first approximation, improving greatly over the literature but leaving room for improvement in terms of introducing more refined logical connectors. Future work thus involves transcending this class of PN models. Via unfoldings, one has access – provided efficient techniques are available – to all behaviours of the model, rather than over-or under-approximations as previously. This opens the way to efficiently searching in particular for determinants of the cell fate : which attractors are reachable from a given stage, and what are the factors that decide in favor of one or the other attractor, etc. Our current research focusses cellular reprogramming on the one hand, and distributed algorithms in wild or synthetic biological systems on the other. The latter is a distributed algorithms’ view on microbiological systems, both with the goal to model and analyze existing microbiological systems as distributed systems, and to design and implement distributed algorithms in synthesized microbiological systems. Envisioned major long-term goals are drug production and medical treatment via synthesized bacterial colonies. We are approaching our goal of a distributed algorithm’s view of microbiological systems from several directions: (i) Timing plays a crucial role in microbiological systems. Similar to modern VLSI circuits, dominating loading effects and noise render classical delay models unfeasible. In previous work we showed limitations of current delay models and presented a class of new delay models, so called involution channels. In [26] we showed that involution channels are still in accordance with Newtonian physics, even in presence of noise. (ii) In [7] we analyzed metastability in circuits by a three-valued Kleene logic, presented a general technique to build circuits that can tolerate a certain degree of metastability at its inputs, and showed the presence of a computational hierarchy. Again, we expect metastability to play a crucial role in microbiological systems, as similar to modern VLSI circuits, loading effects are pronounced. (iii) We studied agreement problems in highly dynamic networks without stability guarantees [28], [27]. We expect such networks to occur in bacterial cultures where bacteria communicate by producing and sensing small signal molecules like AHL. Both works also have theoretically relevant implications: The work in [27] presents the first approximate agreement protocol in a multidimensional space with time complexity independent of the dimension, working also in presence of Byzantine faults. In [28] we proved a tight lower bound on convergence rates and time complexity of asymptotic and approximate agreement in dynamic and classical static fault models. (iv) We are currently working with Manish Kushwaha (INRA), and Thomas Nowak (LRI) on biological infection models for E. coli colonies and M13 phages.

In the context of the Escape project (PhD thesis of G.K. Aguirre Samboni, started in October 2020) we are now extending our research on causal analysis of complex biological networks to the domain of ecosystems, in cooperation with INRAE researcher Cédric Gaucherel. The cooperation with INRAE has been intensifiying in 2022 with the start of the AMI INRAE-Project SMART, jointly with INRAE RECOVER (Corinne Kurt, Franck Taillader, PhD student Souhila FOUNAS) in the fall, on modeling and assessing environmental multi-risks.

4.2 Transportation Systems

Participants: Thomas Chatain, Stefan Haar, Serge Haddad, Stefan Schwoon.

• Autonomous Vehicles. The validation of safety properties is a crucial concern for the design of computer guided systems, in particular for automated transport systems. Our approach consists in analyzing the interactions of a randomized environment (roads, cross-sections, etc.) with a vehicle controller.
• Multimodal Transport Networks. We are interested in predicting and harnessing the propagation of perturbations across different transportation modes.

Currently, no active contracts or projects in this field.

5.1 Footprint of research activities

The carbon footprint of our activities is generic for office work, and probably strongest in traveling. While the latter has been slowed down because of the Covid pandemic, we believe that even in the future, intelligent use of online cooperation and communication can help limit the inevitable footprint of travel to the crucial activities of cooperation and networking, avoiding physical meetings when possible.

5.2 Impact of research results

With our Project ESCAPE, we are hoping for a strong impact on ecosystem analysis and management. Further, the research on biological regulation networks has the potential for enabling e.g. evaluation and design of medical therapies in epigenetic contexts.

7.1 PALS: Distributed Gradient Clocking on Chip

Participants: Matthias Függer.

Consider an arbitrary network of communicating modules on a chip, each requiring a local signal telling it when to execute a computational step. There are three common solutions to generating such a local clock signal: 1) by deriving it from a single, central clock source; 2) by local, free-running oscillators; or 3) by handshaking between neighboring modules. Conceptually, each of these solutions is the result of a perceived dichotomy in which (sub)systems are either clocked or asynchronous. We present in 13 a solution and its implementation that lies between these extremes. Based on a distributed gradient clock synchronization (GCS) algorithm, we show a novel design providing modules with local clocks, the frequency bounds of which are almost as good as those of free-running oscillators, yet neighboring modules are guaranteed to have a phase offset substantially smaller than one clock cycle. Concretely, parameters obtained from a 15-nm application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) simulation running at 2 GHz yield mathematical worst-case bounds of 20 ps on the phase offset for a 32×32 node grid network.

7.2 Continuity of Thresholded Mode-Switched ODEs and Digital Circuit Delay Models

Participants: Matthias Függer.

Thresholded mode-switched ODEs are restricted dynamical systems that switch ODEs depending on digital input signals only, and produce a digital output signal by thresholding some internal signal. Such systems arise in recent digital circuit delay models, where the analog signals within a gate are governed by ODEs that change depending on the digital inputs. In 14, we prove the continuity of the mapping from digital input signals to digital output signals for a large class of thresholded mode-switched ODEs. This continuity property is known to be instrumental for ensuring the faithfulness of the model w.r.t. propagating short pulses. We apply our result to several instances of such digital delay models, thereby proving them to be faithful.

7.3 On the Susceptibility of QDI Circuits to Transient Faults

Participants: Matthias Függer.

By design, quasi delay-insensitive (QDI) circuits exhibit higher resilience against timing variations as compared to their synchronous counterparts. Since computation in QDI circuits is event-based rather than clock-triggered, spurious events due to transient faults such as radiation-induced glitches, a priori are of higher concern in QDI circuits. In this work we propose a formal framework with the goal to gain a deeper understanding on how susceptible QDI circuits are to transient faults. We introduce in 16 a worst-case model for transients in circuits. We then prove an equivalence of faults within this framework and use this result to provably exhaustively check a widely used QDI circuit, a linear Muller pipeline, for its susceptibility to produce non-stable output signals.

7.4 Taking Complete Finite Prefixes To High Level, Symbolically

Participants: Thomas Chatain, Stefan Haar.

Unfoldings are a well known partial-order semantics of P/T Petri nets that can be applied to various model checking or verification problems. For high-level Petri nets, the so-called symbolic unfolding generalizes this notion. A complete finite prefix of the unfolding of a P/T Petri net contains all information to verify, e.g., reachability of markings. In 17, we unite these two concepts and define complete finite prefixes of the symbolic unfolding of high-level Petri nets. For a class of safe high-level Petri nets, we generalize the well-known algorithm by Esparza et al. for constructing small such prefixes. Additionally, we identify a more general class of nets with infinitely many reachable markings, for which an approach with an adapted cutoff criterion extends the complete prefix methodology, in the sense that the original algorithm cannot be applied to the P/T net represented by a high-level net.

7.5 Introducing Divergence for Infinite Probabilistic Modelseural Networks via Property-Directed Verification of Surrogate Models.

Participants: Serge Haddad, Lina Ye, Benoît Barbot.

Computing the reachability probability in infinite state probabilistic models has been the topic of numerous works. In 15, we introduce a new property called divergence that when satisfied allows to compute reachability probabilities up to an arbitrary precision. One of the main interest of divergence is that our algorithm does not require the reachability problem to be decidable. Then we study the decidability of divergence for probabilistic versions of pushdown automata and Petri nets where the weights associated with transitions may also depend on the current state. This should be contrasted with most of the existing works that assume weights independent of the state. Such an extended framework is motivated by the modeling of real case studies. Moreover, we exhibit some divergent subclasses of channel systems and pushdown automata, particularly suited for specifying open distributed systems and networks prone to performance collapsing in order to compute the probabilities related to service requirements.

8.1 National initiatives

• Dreamy (354 kEur): A key advantage of biological computing devices is their ability to sense, compute, and especially to respond to their biological environment, e.g., bacteria can be programmed to act as autonomous robots within the human body. Local presence of certain molecules in the environment allows sensing of neighboring cell types and acting accordingly, e.g., by activating an immune response. Current designs of synthetic circuits in bacteria, however, face severe resource limitations: each genetic part added to the cell imposes an additional burden, becoming progressively toxic for the cell. The most common design techniques for biological logic gates rely on gene regulation via DNA-binding proteins, nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) interactions, or more recently the CRISPR machinery. Each comes with its own constraints: like limited availability of orthogonal signals for use within the cell (DNA-binding), small dynamic range (RNA-based), or reduced growth rates (the CRISPR machinery). This has led to recent efforts to distribute circuits among several cells to reduce the resource load per cell, taking the formative steps towards distributed bacterial circuits. The DREAMY research project seeks to develop innovative solutions to the problem of building distributed circuits in bacteria from an algorithmic, theoretical perspective that contributes to real-world implementable solutions.

  Involved groups: LMF (FR), LISN (FR), DISCO (FR), ALGO group (University of Geneva, CH), Micalis (INRAE, FR), L2S (FR)

• ANR MAVeriQ (ANR-20-CE25-0012), 2021-2025.

  Partners:

  • IRIF (Université de Paris - CNRS)
  • INRIA Rennes
  • LACL (Université Paris Est Créteil)
  • VERIMAG (Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS)

  Participant: Serge Haddad.

  MAVEriQ stands for “Methods of Analysis for Verification of Quantitative properties”. Its goal is to promote unified methods for the quantitative verification of timed, stochastic and/or hybrid systems.

9.1 Conference Committees, Responsibilities in the Scientific Community

• Thomas CHATAIN
  • Member of the jury for SIF-Gilles Kahn award for outstainding PhD theses
  • Head of Interactions pole at LMF lab
  • PC member of the International Conference on Process Mining (ICPM) since 2019
• Matthias FÜGGER:
  • Topic chair for Emerging technologies, AI application for HW design & test, new computing paradigms at IEEE DDECS 2024
  • Co-founded Workshop on Computing among Cells (CELLS 2019) at DISC’19
• Stefan Haar
  • Adjoint Director for Research of the Université Paris-Saclay's Graduate School Computer Science
  • Associate editor for Journal of Discrete Events Dynamic Systems: Theory and Application  (JDEDS).
  • Workshops co-chair for ETAPS 2023
  • Member of the of the program committee for the International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency 2023.
• Serge HADDAD
  • Member of the scientific and administrative council (CSA) of Labex CIMI of Toulouse and a member of the scientific orientation council (COS) of LIS of Marseille (UMR 7020).
  • Representative of ENS Paris-Saclay to the supervisory board ('conseil') of the Graduate School Computer Science, Université Paris-Saclay
  • Member of the steering committee of the International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency.
• Stefan SCHWOON
  • Participation in the organisation of QONFEST '21, in particular as webmaster

9.2 Teaching - Supervision - Juries

10.1 Major publications

• 1 articleB.Béatrice Bérard, S.Stefan Haar, S.Sylvain Schmitz and S.Stefan Schwoon. The Complexity of Diagnosability and Opacity Verification for Petri Nets.Fundamenta Informaticae16142018, 317-349DOIback to text
• 2 articleT.Thomas Chatain, M.Mathilde Boltenhagen and J.Josep Carmona. Anti-Alignments -- Measuring The Precision of Process Models and Event Logs.Information SystemsMay 2021HALDOI
• 3 inproceedingsT.Thomas Chatain, S.Stefan Haar, L.Loïg Jezequel, L.Loïc Paulevé and S.Stefan Schwoon. Characterization of Reachable Attractors Using Petri Net Unfoldings.CMSB 20148859LNCS/LNBIManchester, United KingdomSpringer International PublishingNovember 2014, 14HALDOI
• 4 articleT.Thomas Chatain, S.Stefan Haar, J.Juraj Kolčák, L.Loïc Paulevé and A.Aalok Thakkar. Concurrency in Boolean networks.Natural Computing2019
• 5 articleD.-J.Da-Jung Cho, M.Matthias Függer, C.Corbin Hopper, M.Manish Kushwaha, T.Thomas Nowak and Q.Quentin Soubeyran. Distributed computation with continual population growth.Distributed ComputingOctober 2021HALDOI
• 6 articleS.Stephan Friedrichs, M.Matthias Függer and C.Christoph Lenzen. Metastability-Containing Circuits.IEEE Transactions on Computers6782018DOI
• 7 articleM.Matthias Függer, T.Thomas Nowak and M.Manfred Schwarz. Tight Bounds for Asymptotic and Approximate Consensus.Journal of the ACM (JACM)October 2021HALDOI
• 8 articleS.Stefan Haar, S.Serge Haddad, T.Tarek Melliti and S.Stefan Schwoon. Optimal constructions for active diagnosis.Journal of Computer and System Sciences8312017, 101-120back to text
• 9 inproceedingsS.Stefan Haar, S.Serge Haddad, S.Stefan Schwoon and L.Lina Ye. Active Prediction for Discrete Event Systems.FSTTCS 2020 - 40th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer ScienceGoa / Virtual, IndiaDecember 2020HAL
• 10 articleS.Serge Haddad, J.Jean Mairesse and H.-T.Hoang-Thach Nguyen. Synthesis and Analysis of Product-form Petri Nets.Fundamenta Informaticae1221-22013, 147-172HALback to text
• 11 articleJ.Juraj Kolčák, D.David Šafránek, S.Stefan Haar and L.Loïc Paulevé. Parameter Space Abstraction and Unfolding Semantics of Discrete Regulatory Networks.Theoretical Computer Science7652019, 120-144HAL
• 12 articleL.Loïc Paulevé, J.Juraj Kolčák, T.Thomas Chatain and S.Stefan Haar. Reconciling Qualitative, Abstract, and Scalable Modeling of Biological Networks.Nature Communications112020HALDOI

10.2 Publications of the year

10.3 Cited publications

• 19 inproceedingsP.P .Baldan, S.S .Haar and B.B .Koenig. Distributed Unfolding of Petri Nets.Proc.FOSSACS 20063921LNCSExtended version: Technical Report CS-2006-1. Department of Computer Science, University Ca' Foscari of VeniceSpringer2006, 126-141back to text
• 20 inproceedingsS.S. Akshay, N.Nathalie Bertrand, S.Serge Haddad and L.Loic Helouet. The steady-state control problem for Markov decision processes.Qest 20138054Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSpringerSeptember 2013, 290-304HALback to text
• 21 articleR.R. Alur, K.K. Etessami and M.M. Yannakakis. Realizability and Verification of MSC Graphs.Theor. Comput. Sci.33112005, 97--114back to text
• 22 articleP.P. Baldan, T.Thomas Chatain, S.Stefan Haar and B.Barbara König. Unfolding-based Diagnosis of Systems with an Evolving Topology.Information and Computation20810October 2010, 1169-1192URL: http://www.lsv.ens-cachan.fr/Publis/PAPERS/PDF/BCHK-icomp10.pdfback to text
• 23 articleF.Forest Baskett, K. M.K. Mani Chandy, R. R.Richard R. Muntz and F. G.Fernando G. Palacios. Open, Closed, and Mixed Networks of Queues with Different Classes of Customers.J. ACM222April 1975, 248--260URL: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/321879.321887DOIback to text
• 24 inproceedingsP.Puneet Bhateja, P.P. Gastin, M.M. Mukund and K.K. Narayan Kumar. Local testing of message sequence charts is difficult.Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Fundamentals of Computation Theory (FCT'07)4639Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceBudapest, HungarySpringerAugust 2007, 76-87URL: http://www.lsv.ens-cachan.fr/Publis/PAPERS/PDF/BGMN-fct07.pdfDOIback to text
• 25 inproceedingsP.P. Bouyer, S.Serge Haddad and P.-A.Pierre-Alain Reynier. Timed Unfoldings for Networks of Timed Automata.Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis (ATVA'06)4218Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceBeijing, ROCSpringerOctober 2006, 292-306URL: http://www.lsv.ens-cachan.fr/Publis/PAPERS/PDF/BHR-atva06.pdfback to text
• 26 articleG.Giovanni Chiola, C.Claude Dutheillet, G.Giuliana Franceschinis and S.Serge Haddad. Stochastic Well-Formed Colored Nets and Symmetric Modeling Applications.IEEE Transactions on Computers4211November 1993, 1343-1360URL: http://www.lsv.ens-cachan.fr/Publis/PAPERS/PS/CDFH-toc93.psback to text
• 27 articleR.Rami Debouk and D.Demosthenis Teneketzis. Coordinated decentralized protocols for failure diagnosis of discrete-event systems.Journal of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems: Theory and Application102000, 33--86back to text
• 28 bookJ.Javier Esparza and K.Keijo Heljanko. Unfoldings - A Partial-Order Approach to Model Checking.EATCS Monographs in Theoretical Computer ScienceSpringer2008back to text
• 29 articleÉ.Éric Fabre, A.A .Benveniste, C.C .Jard and S.S .Haar. Distributed monitoring of concurrent and asynchronous systems.Discrete Event Dynamic Systems: theory and application15 (1)Preliminary version: Proc.~CONCUR 2003, LNCS 2761, pp.1--28, Springer2005, 33-84back to text
• 30 articleS.S. Lafortune, Y.Y. Wang and T.-S.T.-S. Yoo. Diagnostic Decentralisé Des Systèmes A Evénements Discrets.Journal Europeen des Systèmes Automatisés (RS-JESA)9999August 2005, 95--110back to text
• 31 inproceedingsK. G.K. G Larsen, P.P. Pettersson and W.W. Yi. Compositional and symbolic model-checking of real-time systems.Proc. of RTSS 1995IEEE Computer Society1995, 76-89back to text
• 32 articleL.Laurie Ricker and K.Karen Rudie. Know Means No: Incorporating Knowledge into Discrete-Event Control Systems.IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control459September 2000, 1656--1668back to text
• 33 articleL.Laurie Ricker and K.Karen Rudie. Knowledge Is a Terrible Thing to Waste: Using Inference in Discrete-Event Control Problems.IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control523MarchSeptember 2007, 428--441back to text
• 34 inproceedingsC.César Rodríguez, S.Stefan Schwoon and V.Victor Khomenko. Contextual Merged Processes.34th International Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets (ICATPN'13)7927Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceItalySpringer2013, 29-48HALDOIback to text
• 35 articleH. L.H\aa}kan L. S. Younes and R. G.Reid G. Simmons. Statistical probabilistic model checking with a focus on time-bounded properties.Inf. Comput.2049September 2006, 1368--1409URL: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1182767.1182770DOIback to text