3.1 Introduction

Our ability to acquire or generate, store, process, interlink and query data has increased spectacularly over the last few years. The corresponding advances are commonly grouped under the umbrella of so called Big Data. Even if the latter has become a buzzword, these advances are real, and they are having a profound impact in domains as varied as scientific research, commerce, social media, industrial processes or e-government. Yet, looking ahead, technologies related to what we now call the Web of Data (a.k.a the Semantic Web) have the potential to create an even larger revolution in data-driven activities, by making information accessible to machines as semi-structured data 22 that eventually becomes actionable knowledge. Indeed, novel Web data models considerably ease the interlinking of semi-structured data originating from multiple independent sources. They make it possible to associate machine-processable semantics with the data. This in turn means that heterogeneous systems can exchange data, infer new data using reasoning engines, and that software agents can cross data sources, resolving ambiguities and conflicts between them 64. Datasets are becoming very rich and very large. They are gradually being made even larger and more heterogeneous, but also much more useful, by interlinking them, as exemplified by the Linked Data initiative 41.

These advances raise research questions and technological challenges that span numerous fields of computer science research: databases, communication networks, security and trust, data mining, as well as human-computer interaction. Our research is based on the conviction that interactive systems play a central role in many data-driven activity domains. Indeed, no matter how elaborate the data acquisition, processing and storage pipelines are, data eventually get processed or consumed one way or another by users. The latter are faced with large, increasingly interlinked heterogeneous datasets that are organized according to complex structures, resulting in overwhelming amounts of both raw data and structured information. Users thus require effective tools to make sense of their data and manipulate them.

We approach this problem from the perspective of the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) field of research, whose goal is to study how humans interact with computers and inspire novel hardware and software designs aimed at optimizing properties such as efficiency, ease of use and learnability, in single-user or cooperative work contexts. More formally, HCI is about designing systems that lower the barrier between users' cognitive model of what they want to accomplish, and computers' understanding of this model. HCI is about the design, implementation and evaluation of computing systems that humans interact with 43, 66. It is a highly multidisciplinary field, with experts from computer science, cognitive psychology, design, engineering, ethnography, human factors and sociology.

In this broad context, ILDA aims at designing interactive systems that display 30, 49, 73 the data and let users interact with them, aiming to help users better navigate and comprehend large datasets represented visually 459, as well as relate and manipulate them  63.

Our research agenda consists of the three complementary axes detailed in the following subsections. Designing systems that consider interaction in close conjunction with data structure and semantics is pivotal to all three axes. This will help drive navigation in, and manipulation of, the data, so as to optimize the communication bandwidth between users and data.

3.2 Novel Forms of Display for Groups and Individuals

Participants: Caroline Appert, Anastasia Bezerianos, Olivier Chapuis, Vanessa Peña-Araya, Emmanuel Pietriga, Vincent Cavez, Mehdi Chakhchoukh, Gaëlle Clavelin, Emmanuel Courtoux, Camille Dupré, Raphaël James, Ludovic David, Dylan Lebout, Sophie Chen.

Data sense-making and analysis is not limited to individual users working with a single device, but increasingly involves multiple users working together in a coordinated manner in multi-display environments: workstations, wall displays, handheld devices, mixed reality. We investigate how to empower users working with complex data by leveraging novel types of displays and combinations of displays, designing visualizations adapted to their capabilities.

The foundational question addressed here is what to display when, where and how, so as to provide effective support to users in their data understanding and manipulation tasks. ILDA targets contexts in which workers have to interact with complementary views on the same data, or with views on different-but-related datasets, possibly at different levels of abstraction. Being able to combine or switch between representations of the data at different levels of detail and merge data from multiple sources in a single representation is central to many scenarios. This is especially true in both of the application domains we consider: mission-critical systems (e.g., natural disaster crisis management) and the exploratory analysis of scientific data (e.g., correlate theories and heterogeneous observational data for an analysis of a given celestial body in Astrophysics).

A significant part of our research has focused on multi-scale interfaces. We designed and evaluated novel interaction techniques, but also worked actively on the development of open-source UI toolkits for multi-scale interfaces. These interfaces let users navigate large but relatively homogeneous datasets at different levels of detail, on both workstations 62, 26, 58, 57, 56, 27, 55, 25, 61 and wall-sized displays 51, 44, 60, 50, 28. This part of the ILDA research program is about extending multi-scale navigation in two directions: 1. Enabling the representation of multiple, spatially-registered but widely varying, multi-scale data layers in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) 19; 2. Generalizing the multi-scale navigation paradigm to interconnected, heterogeneous datasets as found on the Web of Data 4.

The first research problem has been mainly investigated in collaboration with IGN in the context of ANR project MapMuxing, which stands for multi-dimensional map multiplexing, from 2014 to early 2019. Project MapMuxing aimed at going beyond the traditional pan & zoom and overview+detail interface schemes  10, 46, 5, 7, and at designing and evaluating novel cartographic visualizations  that rely on high-quality generalization, i.e., the simplification of geographic data to make it legible at a given map scale 69, 70, and symbol specification. Beyond project MapMuxing, we are also investigating multi-scale multiplexing techniques for geo-localized data in the specific context of ultra-high-resolution wall-sized displays, where the combination of a very high pixel density and large physical surface enable us to explore designs that involve collaborative interaction and physical navigation in front of the workspace 19.

The second research problem is about the extension of multi-scale navigation to interconnected, heterogeneous datasets. Generalization has a rather straightforward definition in the specific domain of geographical information systems, where data items are geographical entities that naturally aggregate as scale increases. But it is unclear how generalization could work for representations of the more heterogeneous webs of data that we consider in the first axis of our research program. Those data form complex networks of resources with multiple and quite varied relationships between them, that cannot rely on a single, unified type of representation 4 (a role played by maps in GIS applications).

Relevant publications by team members this year: 15, 17, 18, 19, 14, 20, 21.

3.3 Novel Forms of Input for Groups and Individuals

Participants: Caroline Appert, Anastasia Bezerianos, Olivier Chapuis, Emmanuel Pietriga, Vincent Cavez, Gaëlle Clavelin, Emmanuel Courtoux, Camille Dupré, Raphaël James, Julien Berry.

Analyzing and manipulating large datasets can involve multiple users working together in a coordinated manner in multi-display environments: workstations, handheld devices, wall-sized displays 28. Those users work towards a common goal, navigating and manipulating data displayed on various hardware surfaces in a coordinated manner. Group awareness 40, 36 is central in these situations, as users, who may or may not be co-located in the same room, can have an optimal individual behavior only if they have a clear picture of what their collaborators have done and are currently doing in the global context. We work on the design and implementation of interactive systems that improve group awareness in co-located situations 45, making individual users able to figure out what other users are doing without breaking the flow of their own actions.

In addition, users need a rich interaction vocabulary to handle large, structured datasets in a flexible and powerful way, regardless of the context of work. Input devices such as mice and trackpads provide a limited number of input actions, thus requiring users to switch between modes to perform different types of data manipulation and navigation actions. The action semantics of these input devices are also often too much dependent on the display output. For instance, a mouse movement and click can only be interpreted according to the graphical controller (widget) above which it is moved. We focus on designing powerful input techniques based upon technologies such as tactile surfaces (supported by UI toolkits developed in-house), 3D motion tracking systems, or custom-built controllers 48to complement (rather than replace) traditional input devices such as keyboards, that remain the best method so far for text entry, and indirect input devices such as mice or trackpads for pixel-precise pointing actions.

The input vocabularies we investigate enable users to navigate and manipulate large and structured datasets in environments that involve multiple users and displays that vary in their size, position and orientation 28, 37, each having their own characteristics and affordances: wall displays 51, 3, 24, workstations, tabletops 53, 35, tablets 52, 71, smartphones 74, 31, 67, 68, and combinations thereof 34, 72, 50, 28, as well as augmented reality displays 1, 15, 2133.

We aim at designing rich interaction vocabularies that go far beyond what current touch interfaces offer, which rarely exceeds five gestures such as simple slides and pinches. Designing larger gesture vocabularies requires identifying discriminating dimensions (e.g., the presence or absence of anchor points and the distinction between internal and external frames of reference 52) in order to structure a space of gestures that interface designers can use as a dictionary for choosing a coherent set of controls. These dimensions should be few and simple, so as to provide users with gestures that are easy to memorize and execute. Beyond gesture complexity, the scalability of vocabularies also depends on our ability to design robust gesture recognizers that will allow users to fluidly chain simple gestures that make it possible to interlace navigation and manipulation actions.

We also study how to further extend input vocabularies by combining touch 52, 74, 53 and pen 9, 63 or mid-air gestures 51 with physical objects 42, 65, 48 and classical input devices such as keyboards to enable users to input commands to the system or to involve other users in their workflow (request for help, delegation, communication of personal findings, etc.) 29, 47. Gestures and objects encode a lot of information in their shape, dynamics and direction, that can be directly interpreted in relation with the user, independently from the display output. Physical objects can also greatly improve coordination among actors for, e.g., handling priorities or assigning specific roles.

Relevant publications by team members this year: 15.

3.4 Interacting with Diverse Data

Participants: Caroline Appert, Anastasia Bezerianos, Vanessa Peña-Araya, Emmanuel Pietriga, Mehdi Chakhchoukh, Rim Hajri, Theo Bouganim, Ludovic David, Johann Elquilbec, Xiang Wei.

Research in data management is yielding novel models that enable diverse structuring and querying strategies, give machine-processable semantics to the data and ease their interlinking. This, in turn, yields datasets that can be distributed at the scale of the Web, highly-heterogeneous and thus rich but also quite complex. We investigate ways to leverage this richness from the users' perspective, designing interactive systems adapted to the specific characteristics of data models and data semantics of the considered application area.

To be successful, interaction paradigms that let users navigate and manipulate data on the Web have to be tailored to the radically different way of browsing information enabled by it, where users directly interact with the data rather than with monolithic documents. The general research question addressed in this part of our research program is how to design novel interaction techniques that help users manipulate their data more efficiently. By data manipulation, we mean all low-level tasks related to manually creating new content, modifying and cleaning existing content, merging data from different sources, establishing connections between datasets, categorizing data, and eventually sharing the end results with other users; tasks that are currently considered quite tedious because of the sheer complexity of the concepts, data models and syntax, and the interplay between all of them.

Our approach is based on the conviction that there is a strong potential for cross-fertilization, as mentioned earlier: on the one hand, user interface design is essential to the management and understanding of webs of data; on the other hand, interlinked datasets enriched with even a small amount of semantics can help create more powerful user interfaces, that provide users with the right information at the right time.

We envision systems that focus on the data themselves, exploiting the underlying semantics and structure in the background rather than exposing them – which is what current user interfaces for the Web of Data often do. We envision interactive systems in which the semantics and structure are not exposed directly to users, but serve as input to the system to generate interactive representations that convey information relevant to the task at hand and best afford the possible manipulation actions.

Relevant publications by team members this year: 11, 15, 13, 16, 12.

4.1 Mission-critical Systems

Mission-critical contexts of use include emergency response & management, and critical infrastructure operations, such as public transportation systems, communications and power distribution networks, or the operations of large scientific instruments such as particle accelerators and astronomical observatories. Central to these contexts of work is the notion of situation awareness 36, i.e., how workers perceive and understand elements of the environment with respect to time and space, such as maps and geolocated data feeds from the field, and how they form mental models that help them predict future states of those elements. One of the main challenges is how to best assist subject-matter experts in constructing correct mental models and making informed decisions, often under time pressure. This can be achieved by providing them with, or helping them efficiently identify and correlate, relevant and timely information extracted from large amounts of raw data, taking into account the often cooperative nature of their work and the need for task coordination. With this application area, our goal is to investigate novel ways of interacting with computing systems that improve collaborative data analysis capabilities and decision support assistance in a mission-critical, often time-constrained, work context.

Relevant publications by team members this year: 19.

4.2 Exploratory Analysis of Scientific Data

Many scientific disciplines are increasingly data-driven, including astronomy, molecular biology, particle physics, or neuroanatomy. While making the right decision under time pressure is often less of critical issue when analyzing scientific data, at least not on the same temporal scale as truly time-critical systems, scientists are still faced with large-to-huge amounts of data. No matter their origin (experiments, remote observations, large-scale simulations), these data are difficult to understand and analyze in depth because of their sheer size and complexity. Challenges include how to help scientists freely-yet-efficiently explore their data, keep a trace of the multiple data processing paths they considered to verify their hypotheses and make it easy to backtrack, and how to relate observations made on different parts of the data and insights gained at different moments during the exploration process. With this application area, our goal is to investigate how data-centric interactive systems can improve collaborative scientific data exploration, where users' goals are more open-ended, and where roles, collaboration and coordination patterns 40 differ from those observed in mission-critical contexts of work.

Relevant publications by team members last year: 11, 13.

5.1 Awards

Best paper runner-up/honorable mention award:

• Investigating the Use of AR Glasses for Content Annotation on Mobile Devices at ACM ISS 2022 15. (Francesco Di Gioia, Eugénie Brasier, Emmanuel Pietriga, Caroline Appert)

6.1 New software

6.2 New platforms

Participants: Caroline Appert, Anastasia Bezerianos, Olivier Chapuis, Vanessa Peña-Araya, Emmanuel Pietriga, Emmanuel Courtoux, Camille Dupré, Raphaël James, Olivier Gladin, Julien Berry, Sophie Chen.

Both the WILD-512K and WILDER platforms are now part of funded project ANR EquipEx+ Continuum (ANR-21-ESRE-0030). Figure 1 illustrates usage of the wildmap software library (see Section 6.1.2) to develop a visualization of worldwide marine traffic using AIS data.

Three pictures of the WILD-512K ultra wall displaying data about ships on a map of the world, at varying levels of detail.

7.1 Interacting with Novel Forms of Displays

Augmented Reality (AR), as a novel form of display, is becoming one of the main centers of attention in the team. Technology is indeed maturing fast, to the point that we can expect wearable devices (eyewear) with a reasonable form factor and performance in a few years, given recent advances and the effort dedicated to research and development in the industry.

Early work in the team 1 investigated different input techniques for indirect pointing in AR. We then studied how AR could improve interaction with handheld devices  33, where AR is not only used to offload widgets from the phone to the air around it, but to give users more control on input precision as well. This year, with AnnotAR 15 we have investigated a similar hardware combination but for different purposes: content annotation in mobile situations.

The concept is illustrated in Figure 2. This is motivated by the fact that mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets have limited display size and input capabilities that make a variety of tasks challenging. Coupling the mobile device with Augmented Reality eyewear such as smartglasses can help address some of these challenges. In the specific context of digital content annotation tasks, this combination has the potential to enhance the user experience on two fronts. First, annotations can be offloaded into the air around the mobile device, freeing precious screen real-estate, as we had done in  33. Second, as smartglasses often come equipped with a variety of sensors including a camera, users can annotate documents with pictures or videos of their environment, captured on the spot, hands-free, and from the wearer's perspective. AnnotAR is a prototype that we use as a research probe to assess the viability of this approach to digital content annotation. We used AnnotAR to gather users' preliminary feedback in a laboratory setting, and to showcase how it could support real-world use cases. This work won a best paper honorable mention at ACM ISS 2022.

Two photos depicting a student seated at a desk, wearing smartglasses, and watching a Professor perform a chemistry experiment. A tablet lies on the desk in front of the student. Virtual content is displayed next to the tablet as well, thanks to the smartglasses' AR display capabilities.

Taking a step back, we also looked at situations where Augmented Reality might interfere with people's perception of the real world and how we might alleviate this problem 21. Anticipating a future in which people frequently have virtual content displayed in their field of view to augment reality, we reflected upon situations where this virtual content interferes with users' perception of the physical world, with consequences ranging from mere annoyance to serious injuries. We argued for the need to give users agency over virtual augmentations, discussing the concept of de-augmenting augmented reality by selectively removing virtual content from the field of view. As illustrated in Figure 3, de-augmenting lets users target what actually interferes with their perception of the environment while keeping what is of interest. We contributed a framework that captures the different facets of de-augmentation. We also discussed what it entails in terms of technical realization and interaction design, and described three scenarios to illustrate what the user experience could be in a sample of domestic and professional situations.

Three illustrations showing three different examples of interaction for activating de-augmentation. The first illustration is a different environment from the perspective of the wearer of the AR headset. It shows a real desktop screen and the augmented content of a virtual car. The AR user has made a swipe gesture from left to right in front of their field of view - this has resulted in part of their field of view to be de-augmented. The second illustration shows a AR scene from the perspective of the wearer of the AR headset. Here the AR user has placed real physical tokens around their baby playing on the floor, which has created a de-augmentation volume around their baby. The third illustration is seen from the third perspective - we see a user wearing an AR headset in a museum. By pointing with one hand and putting her other hand on her forehead, as if shading her eyes, the AR user has chosen to de-augmented a physical statue.

7.2 Interactive Visual Exploration of Complex Data

Another strong topic in the team is the design, development and empirical evaluation of visualization techniques for the understanding of spatio-temporal, multivariate data 754. As part of this line of research, we investigated visualization techniques for data modeled as hypergraphs, with a strong temporal aspect and lesser emphasis on the geo-spatial aspect with HyperStoryLines  6, a technique that generalizes Storylines to visualize the evolution of relationships involving multiple types of entities such as, for example, people, locations, and companies. Storyline visualizations are a powerful way to compactly visualize how the relationships between people evolve over time. Real-world relationships often also involve space, for example the cities that two political rivals visited together or alone over the years. By default, Storyline visualizations only show implicitly geospatial co-occurrence between people (drawn as lines), by bringing their lines together. Even the few designs that do explicitly show geographic locations only do so in abstract ways (e.g., annotations) and do not communicate geospatial information, such as the direction or extent of their political campaigns.

This year we introduced Geo-Storylines 16, a collection of visualisation designs that integrate geospatial context into Storyline visualizations, using different strategies for compositing time and space (Figure 4). Our contribution is twofold. First, we present the results of a sketching workshop with 11 participants, that we used to derive a design space for integrating maps into Storylines. Second, by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the potential designs of the design space in terms of legibility and ability to scale to multiple relationships, we extract the three most promising: Time Glyphs, Coordinated Views, and Map Glyphs. We compare these three techniques first in a controlled study with 18 participants, under five different geospatial tasks and two maps of different complexity. We additionally collected informal feedback about their usefulness from domain experts in data journalism. Our results indicate that, as expected, detailed performance depends on the task. Nevertheless, Coordinated Views remain a highly effective and preferred technique across the board.

Three screenshots showing the different ways to integrate maps into storyline visualizations, using French regions as an example.

Continuing our collaboration with colleagues from INRAe and following up on work in which we demonstrated how analytic provenance can be exploited to re-construct user trust in a guided Visual Analytics (VA) system  32, we designed a trade-off analysis system, motivated by the needs of experts in domains such as agronomy or manufacturing, who need to consider trade-offs when making decisions that involve several, often competing, objectives. Such analysis is complex and may be conducted over long periods of time, making it hard to revisit. We considered the use of analytic provenance mechanisms to aid experts recall and keep track of trade-off analysis. VisProm, our web-based system, incorporates in-visualization provenance views, designed to help experts keep track of trade-offs and their objectives. We used VisProm as a technology probe to understand user needs and explore the potential role of provenance in this context. Through observation sessions with three groups of experts analyzing their own data, we made several contributions. First we identified eight high-level tasks that experts engaged in during trade-off analysis, such as locating and characterizing interest zones in the trade-off space, and showed how these tasks can be supported by provenance visualization. Second, we refined findings from previous work on provenance purposes such as recall and reproduce, by identifying specific objects of these purposes related to trade-off analysis, such as interest zones, and exploration structure (e.g., exploration of alternatives and branches). Third, we discussed insights on how the identified provenance objects and our designs support these trade-off analysis tasks, both when revisiting past analysis and while actively exploring. And finally, we identified new opportunities for provenance-driven trade-off analysis, for example related to monitoring the coverage of the trade-off space, and tracking alternative trade-off scenarios.

Screenshot of the VisProm prototype, featuring a scatterplot matrix, a detailed scatterplot, a table of parameters, and scatterplot thumbnails representing views explored previously.

We collaborated with Aviz team members (Inria Saclay) on two topics. We worked on visualization in motion 14, meaning visual data representations that are used in contexts that exhibit relative motion between a viewer and an entire visualization. Sports analytics, video games, wearable devices, or data physicalizations are example contexts that involve different types of relative motion between a viewer and a visualization. We helped define a research agenda on the topic and conduct two experiments to understand how well viewers can read data from moving visualizations.

We also continued the collaboration about visualizations on very small displays such as smartwatches and fitness bands 17. We presented the findings of four studies related to the visualization of sleep data on such displays. Beyond reporting on the studies' findings, we reflected on our crowdsourced study methodology for testing the effectiveness of visualizations for wearables. Research questions at the intersection of both topics – visualization in motion and visualization on very small wearable displays – were also discussed in  18.

Finally, our collaboration with the University of Paris Descartes on the topic of time-series data visualization and search, which was the topic of Anna Gogolou, a former PhD student team member  38, 39, led to a new publication about a new probabilistic learning-based method that provides quality guarantees for progressive Nearest Neighbor (NN) query answering 12. The method can be applied with the two most popular distance measures, namely, Euclidean and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). It provides both initial and progressive estimates of the final answer, as well suitable stopping criteria for the progressive queries. It can also be used in order to develop a progressive algorithm for data series classification (based on a k-NN classifier).

8.1 Bilateral contracts with industry

• Berger-Levrault: ANRT/CIFRE PhD (Camille Dupré), 3 years, November 2022-October 2025 on the topic of Interactive content manipulation in Mixed Reality for maintenance applications.

9.1 European initiatives

9.2 National initiatives

10.1 Promoting scientific activities

10.2 Teaching - Supervision - Juries

• Ingénieur (X-3A)/Master (M1/M2): Emmanuel Pietriga, Data Visualization (INF552), 36h, École Polytechnique / Institut Polytechnique de Paris
• Master (M1/M2): Anastasia Bezerianos, Mixed Reality and Tangible Interaction, 12h, Univ. Paris Saclay
• Master (M1/M2): Anastasia Bezerianos, Interactive Information Visualization, 10.5h, Univ. Paris Saclay
• Master (M1): Anastasia Bezerianos, Design Project (M1 HCI/HCID), 21h, Univ. Paris Saclay.
• Master (M1): Anastasia Bezerianos, WinterSchool, 6h, Univ. Paris-Saclay.
• Ingénieur 4e année (Polytech - ET4): Anastasia Bezerianos, Projet, 36h, Polytech, Univ. Paris-Saclay.
• Ingénieur 3e année apprentissage (Polytech - APP3): Anastasia Bezerianos, Programmation Web, 36h, Polytech, Univ. Paris-Saclay.
• License (L3/IUT): Anastasia Bezerianos, Programmation Android IUT, 31h, Université Paris Saclay
• Master (M2): Emmanuel Pietriga, Data Visualization, 24h, Université Paris Dauphine
• Master (M2): Vanessa Peña Araya, Winter School, 8h, Univ. Paris Saclay
• Master (M1/M2): Vanessa Peña Araya, Web Development with Node.js, 10.5h, Univ. Paris Saclay
• Master (M2): Vanessa Peña Araya, Career Seminar, 12h, Univ. Paris Saclay
• License (L1/IUT): Vanessa Peña Araya, Dev. d'apps avec IHM, 32h, Univ. Paris Saclay
• Master (M2): Mehdi Chakhchoukh, Winter school, 11h, Univ. Paris Saclay
• Ingénieur (Et3): Mehdi Chakhchoukh, Interaction Humain-Machine, 12h, Polytech Paris-Saclay
• License (L3): Mehdi Chakhchoukh, Programmation d'Interfaces Interactives Avancées, 24h, Univ. Paris Saclay
• Master (M1): Mehdi Chakhchoukh, Programming of Interactive Systems, 21h, Univ. Paris Saclay
• License (L2): Mehdi Chakhchoukh, Introduction à l'Interaction Humain-Machine, 12h, Université Paris Saclay
• License (L1): Raphaël James, Algorithmique et Structures de données, 28h, Université Paris Saclay
• Master (M1/M2): Caroline Appert, Experimental Design and Analysis, 21h, Université Paris Saclay

11.1 Major publications

• 1 inproceedingsE.Eugenie Brasier, O.Olivier Chapuis, N.Nicolas Ferey, J.Jeanne Vezien and C.Caroline Appert. ARPads: Mid-air Indirect Input for Augmented Reality.ISMAR 2020 - IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented RealityISMAR '20Porto de Galinhas, BrazilIEEENovember 2020, 13 pages
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• 2 articleM.Mehdi Chakhchoukh, N.Nadia Boukhelifa and A.Anastasia Bezerianos. Understanding How In-Visualization Provenance Can Support Trade-off Analysis.IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer GraphicsMay 2022
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• 3 inproceedingsE.Emmanuel Courtoux, C.Caroline Appert and O.Olivier Chapuis. WallTokens: Surface Tangibles for Vertical Displays.Proceedings of the international conference on Human factors in computing systemsCHI 2021 - International conference on Human factors in computing systemsCHI '21Yokoama / Virtual, JapanACMMay 2021, 13 pages
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• 4 articleM.Marie Destandau, C.Caroline Appert and E.Emmanuel Pietriga. S-Paths: Set-based visual exploration of linked data driven by semantic paths.Open Journal Of Semantic WebSeptember 2020, 1-18
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• 5 articleM.-J.María-Jesús Lobo, C.Caroline Appert and E.Emmanuel Pietriga. Animation Plans for Before-and-After Satellite Images.IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics24January 2018
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• 6 articleV.Vanessa Pena Araya, T.Tong Xue, E.Emmanuel Pietriga, L.Laurent Amsaleg and A.Anastasia Bezerianos. HyperStorylines: Interactively untangling dynamic hypergraphs.Information VisualizationSeptember 2021, 1-21
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• 7 articleV.Vanessa Peña-Araya, E.Emmanuel Pietriga and A.Anastasia Bezerianos. A Comparison of Visualizations for Identifying Correlation over Space and Time.IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer GraphicsOctober 2019
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• 8 articleH.Hugo Romat, C.Caroline Appert and E.Emmanuel Pietriga. Expressive Authoring of Node-Link Diagrams with Graphies.IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics274April 2021, 2329-2340
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• 9 inproceedingsH.Hugo Romat, E.Emmanuel Pietriga, N.Nathalie Henry-Riche, K.Ken Hinckley and C.Caroline Appert. SpaceInk: Making Space for In-Context Annotations.UIST 2019 - 32nd ACM User Interface Software and TechnologyNouvelle-Orleans, United StatesOctober 2019
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• 10 inproceedingsV.Vít Rusňák, C.Caroline Appert, O.Olivier Chapuis and E.Emmanuel Pietriga. Designing Coherent Gesture Sets for Multi-scale Navigation on Tabletops.Proceedings of the 36th international conference on Human factors in computing systemsCHI '18Montreal, CanadaACMApril 2018, 142:1-142:12
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11.2 Publications of the year

11.3 Cited publications

• 22 bookS.S. Abiteboul, P.P. Buneman and D.D. Suciu. Data on the Web: From Relations to Semistructured Data and XML.Morgan Kaufmann1999
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• 23 inproceedingsS.S. Abiteboul, P.P. Senellart and V.V. Vianu. The ERC Webdam on Foundations of Web Data Management.Proc. of the 21st International Conference Companion on World Wide WebWWW '12 CompanionACM2012, 211--214URL: 10.1145/2187980.2188011
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• 24 inproceedingsR. A.Rodrigo A. de Almeida, C.Clément Pillias, E.Emmanuel Pietriga and P.Pierre Cubaud. Looking behind bezels: french windows for wall displays.Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual InterfacesAVI '12Capri Island, ItalyACM2012, 124--131URL: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2254556.2254581
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• 25 inproceedingsJ.Jessalyn Alvina, C.Caroline Appert, O.Olivier Chapuis and E.Emmanuel Pietriga. RouteLens: Easy Route Following for Map Applications.Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual InterfacesAVI '14ACM2014, 125--128
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• 26 inproceedingsC.Caroline Appert, O.Olivier Chapuis and E.Emmanuel Pietriga. High-precision magnification lenses.Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systemsCHI '10Atlanta, Georgia, USAACM2010, 273--282
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• 27 inproceedingsC.Caroline Appert and J.-D.Jean-Daniel Fekete. OrthoZoom Scroller: 1D Multi-scale Navigation.Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsCHI '06New York, NY, USAMontréal, Québec, CanadaACM2006, 21--30URL: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1124772.1124776
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• 28 articleM.Michel Beaudouin-Lafon, S.Stéphane Huot, M.Mathieu Nancel, W.Wendy Mackay, E.Emmanuel Pietriga, R.Romain Primet, J.Julie Wagner, O.Olivier Chapuis, C.Clément Pillias, J. R.James R. Eagan, T.Tony Gjerlufsen and C.Clemens Klokmose. Multisurface Interaction in the WILD Room.IEEE Computer4542012, 48-56
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• 29 inproceedingsJ.Johan Berndtsson and M.Maria Normark. The coordinative functions of flight strips: air traffic control work revisited.Proceedings of the international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group workGROUP '99Phoenix, Arizona, United StatesACM1999, 101--110URL: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/320297.320308
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• 30 bookJ.J. Bertin. Semiology of Graphics.University of Wisconsin Press1983
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• 31 inproceedingsD.David Bonnet, C.Caroline Appert and M.Michel Beaudouin-Lafon. Extending the Vocabulary of Touch Events with ThumbRock.Proceedings of Graphics InterfaceGI '13Regina, Saskatchewan, CanadaCIPS2013, 221-228
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• 32 inproceedingsN.Nadia Boukhelifa, E.Evelyne Lutton and A.Anastasia Bezerianos. A Case Study of Using Analytic Provenance to Reconstruct User Trust in a Guided Visual Analytics System.2021 IEEE Workshop on TRust and EXpertise in Visual Analytics (TREX)New Orleans, United StatesIEEEOctober 2021, 45-51
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• 33 inproceedingsE.Eugénie Brasier, E.Emmanuel Pietriga and C.Caroline Appert. AR-enhanced Widgets for Smartphone-centric Interaction.MobileHCI '21 - 23rd International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer InteractionACMToulouse, FranceSeptember 2021
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• 34 inproceedingsO.Olivier Chapuis, A.Anastasia Bezerianos and S.Stelios Frantzeskakis. Smarties: An Input System for Wall Display Development.CHI '14Toronto, CanadaACMApril 2014, 2763-2772
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• 35 inproceedingsA.Anthony Collins, A.Anastasia Bezerianos, G.Gregor McEwan, M.Markus Rittenbruch, R.Rainer Wasinger and J.Judy Kay. Understanding File Access Mechanisms for Embedded Ubicomp Collaboration Interfaces.Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Ubiquitous ComputingUbiComp '09New York, NY, USAOrlando, Florida, USAACM2009, 135--144URL: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1620545.1620567
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• 36 bookM. R.M. R. EndsleyD. G.D. G. JonesDesigning for Situation Awareness: an Approach to User-Centered Design.370 pagesCRC Press, Taylor & Francis2012
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• 37 inproceedingsC.Clifton Forlines, A.Alan Esenther, C.Chia Shen, D.Daniel Wigdor and K.Kathy Ryall. Multi-user, Multi-display Interaction with a Single-user, Single-display Geospatial Application.Proceedings of the 19th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and TechnologyUIST '06Montreux, SwitzerlandACM2006, 273--276URL: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1166253.1166296
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• 38 inproceedingsA.Anna Gogolou, T.Theophanis Tsandilas, K.Karima Echihabi, A.Anastasia Bezerianos and T.Themis Palpanas. Data Series Progressive Similarity Search with Probabilistic Quality Guarantees.ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of DataPortland, United StatesJune 2020, 1857-1873
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• 39 articleA.Anna Gogolou, T.Theophanis Tsandilas, T.Themis Palpanas and A.Anastasia Bezerianos. Comparing Similarity Perception in Time Series Visualizations.IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics251October 2018, 523 - 533
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• 40 articleJ.Jonathan Grudin. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work: History and Focus.IEEE Computer275May 1994, 19--26URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2.291294
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• 41 bookT.T. Heath and C.Chris Bizer. Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space.Morgan & Claypool2011
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• 42 inproceedingsH.Hiroshi Ishii and B.Brygg Ullmer. Tangible Bits: Towards Seamless Interfaces Between People, Bits and Atoms.Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsCHI '97Atlanta, Georgia, USAACM1997, 234--241URL: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/258549.258715
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• 43 bookJ. A.J. A. Jacko. Human-Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies, and Emerging Applications, 3rd Edition.CRC Press2012
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• 44 inproceedingsC.Can Liu, O.Olivier Chapuis, M.Michel Beaudouin-Lafon, E.Eric Lecolinet and W.Wendy Mackay. Effects of Display Size and Navigation Type on a Classification Task.Proceedings of the 32nd international conference on Human factors in computing systemsCHI '14Toronto, CAACM2014, 4147-4156
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• 45 inproceedingsC.Can Liu, O.Olivier Chapuis, M.Michel Beaudouin-Lafon and E.Eric Lecolinet. Shared Interaction on a Wall-Sized Display in a Data Manipulation Task.Proceedings of the 34th international conference on Human factors in computing systemsCHI '16SigCHI and ACMSan Jose, United StatesMay 2016, 1-12
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• 46 articleM.-J.Mar\'ia-Jesús Lobo, C.Caroline Appert and E.Emmanuel Pietriga. MapMosaic: Dynamic Layer Compositing for Interactive Geovisualization.International Journal of Geographical Information Science319May 2017, 1818 - 1845
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• 47 articleW.Wendy Mackay. Is paper safer? The role of paper flight strips in air traffic control.ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.64December 1999, 311--340URL: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/331490.331491
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• 48 inproceedingsR.Rafael Morales Gonzalez, C.Caroline Appert, G.Gilles Bailly and E.Emmanuel Pietriga. TouchTokens: Guiding Touch Patterns with Passive Tokens.Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsCHI '16San Jose, CA, United StatesACMMay 2016, 4189-4202
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• 49 bookT.T. Munzner. Visualization Analysis and Design.CRC Press2014
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• 50 inproceedingsM.Mathieu Nancel, O.Olivier Chapuis, E.Emmanuel Pietriga, X.-D.Xing-Dong Yang, P. P.Pourang P. Irani and M.Michel Beaudouin-Lafon. High-precision pointing on large wall displays using small handheld devices.Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsCHI '13Paris, FranceACM2013, 831--840URL: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2470654.2470773
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• 51 articleM.Mathieu Nancel, E.Emmanuel Pietriga, O.Olivier Chapuis and M.Michel Beaudouin-Lafon. Mid-air Pointing on Ultra-Walls.ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction225August 2015, 21:1--21:62
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• 52 inproceedingsH.Halla Olafsdottir and C.Caroline Appert. Multi-Touch Gestures for Discrete and Continuous Control.International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI)Como, ItalyMay 2014, 8
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• 53 inproceedingsH.Halla Olafsdottir, T.Theophanis Tsandilas and C.Caroline Appert. Prospective Motor Control on Tabletops: Planning Grasp for Multitouch Interaction.Proceedings of the 32nd international conference on Human factors in computing systemsCHI '14Toronto, CAACM2014, 2893-2902
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• 54 inproceedingsV.Vanessa Peña-Araya, A.Anastasia Bezerianos and E.Emmanuel Pietriga. A Comparison of Geographical Propagation Visualizations.CHI '20 - 38th SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systemsHonolulu, United StatesApril 2020, 223:1--223:14
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• 55 inproceedingsE.Emmanuel Pietriga. A Toolkit for Addressing HCI Issues in Visual Language Environments.IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)IEEE Computer Society2005, 145-152
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• 56 inproceedingsE.Emmanuel Pietriga, C.Caroline Appert and M.Michel Beaudouin-Lafon. Pointing and beyond: an operationalization and preliminary evaluation of multi-scale searching.CHI '07: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systemsSan Jose, California, USAACM Press2007, 1215--1224
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• 57 inproceedingsE.Emmanuel Pietriga and C.Caroline Appert. Sigma lenses: focus-context transitions combining space, time and translucence.CHI '08: Proceeding of the twenty-sixth annual CHI conference on Human factors in computing systemsFlorence, ItalyACM2008, 1343--1352
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• 58 articleE.Emmanuel Pietriga, O.Olivier Bau and C.Caroline Appert. Representation-Independent In-Place Magnification with Sigma Lenses.IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG)16032010, 455-467
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• 59 inproceedingsE.Emmanuel Pietriga, H.Hande Gözükan, C.Caroline Appert, M.Marie Destandau, Š.Šejla Ċebirić, F.François Goasdoué and I.Ioana Manolescu. Browsing Linked Data Catalogs with LODAtlas.ISWC 2018 - 17th International Semantic Web ConferenceMonterey, United StatesSpringerOctober 2018, 137-153
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• 60 inproceedingsE.Emmanuel Pietriga, S.Stéphane Huot, M.Mathieu Nancel and R.Romain Primet. Rapid development of user interfaces on cluster-driven wall displays with jBricks.Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systemsEICS '11Pisa, ItalyACM2011, 185--190URL: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1996461.1996518
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• 61 inproceedingsC.Cyprien Pindat, E.Emmanuel Pietriga, O.Olivier Chapuis and C.Claude Puech. Drilling into complex 3D models with gimlenses.Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and TechnologyVRST '13SingaporeACM2013, 223--230URL: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2503713.2503714
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• 62 inproceedingsC.Cyprien Pindat, E.Emmanuel Pietriga, O.Olivier Chapuis and C.Claude Puech. JellyLens: Content-Aware Adaptive Lenses.UIST - 25th Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology - 2012Proceedings of the 25th Symposium on User Interface Software and TechnologyACMCambridge, MA, United StatesACMOctober 2012, 261-270
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• 63 inproceedingsH.Hugo Romat, N.Nathalie Riche, K.Ken Hinckley, B.Bongshin Lee, C.Caroline Appert, E.Emmanuel Pietriga and C.Christopher Collins. ActiveInk: (Th)Inking with Data.CHI 2019 - The ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsCHI 2019 - Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsGlasgow, United KingdomACMMay 2019
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• 64 articleN.N. Shadbolt, T.T. Berners-Lee and W.W. Hall. The Semantic Web Revisited.IEEE Intelligent Systems2132006, 96-101URL: 10.1109/MIS.2006.62
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• 65 articleO.Orit Shaer and E.Eva Hornecker. Tangible User Interfaces: Past, Present, and Future Directions.Found. Trends Hum.-Comput. Interact.31–2January 2010, 1--137URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/1100000026
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• 66 bookB.B. Shneiderman and C.C. Plaisant. Designing the User Interface, 4th Edition.Pearson Addison Wesley2005
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• 67 inproceedingsD.Daniel Spelmezan, C.Caroline Appert, O.Olivier Chapuis and E.Emmanuel Pietriga. Controlling widgets with one power-up button.Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technologyUIST '13St. Andrews, Scotland, United KingdomACM2013, 71--74URL: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2501988.2502025
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• 68 inproceedingsD.Daniel Spelmezan, C.Caroline Appert, O.Olivier Chapuis and E.Emmanuel Pietriga. Side pressure for bidirectional navigation on small devices.Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and servicesMobileHCI '13Munich, GermanyACM2013, 11--20URL: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2493190.2493199
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• 69 articleG.Guillaume Touya and J.-F.Jean-François Girres. ScaleMaster 2.0: a ScaleMaster extension to monitor automatic multi-scales generalizations.Cartography and Geographic Information Science4032013, 192--200URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2013.809233
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• 70 inproceedingsG.Guillaume Touya. Social Welfare to Assess the Global Legibility of a Generalized Map.International Conference on Geographic InformationSpringer2012, 198--211URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33024-7_15
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• 71 inproceedingsT.Theophanis Tsandilas, C.Caroline Appert, A.Anastasia Bezerianos and D.David Bonnet. Coordination of Tilt and Touch in One- and Two-Handed Use.Proceedings of the 32nd international conference on Human factors in computing systemsCHI '14Toronto, CAACM2014, 2001-2004
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• 72 inproceedingsT.Theophanis Tsandilas, A.Anastasia Bezerianos and T.Thibaut Jacob. SketchSliders: Sketching Widgets for Visual Exploration on Wall Displays.Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsACMSeoul, South KoreaApril 2015, 3255-3264
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• 73 bookC.Colin Ware. Information visualization: perception for design.Elsevier2012
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• 74 articleS.Shumin Zhai, P. O.Per Ola Kristensson, C.Caroline Appert, T. H.Tue Haste Andersen and X.Xiang Cao. Foundational Issues in Touch-Screen Stroke Gesture Design - An Integrative Review.Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction52December 2012, 97-205
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